Organizational Behavior
Purpose of Course showclose
There is no shortage of quotes in which inspirational business leaders describe the sources of their success. Their reasons are often diverse, but almost everyone comes back to the same thing: people. The people are the company; they create the success. In BUS301: Managing Human Capital, you learned how to find, train, and manage these people. Please keep in mind that there is more to successful business leadership than managing human capital. You must have a suitable structure and culture at your firm in order to achieve success. Imagine the U.S. military; it boasts some of the best-trained soldiers in human history, but that talent would be wasted without a structure designed to appropriately deploy forces. In other words, the military would not be as successful without streamlined organizational behavior. Organizational behavior (OB) is the study of how people interact in organizations. These interactions are governed by a number of factors, including your personal life, the personality of your boss or your boss’s boss, a direct report, the team you have been assigned to, or the direction that the top of the organization has given to you. OB researchers carefully monitor these dynamics within an organization, because any time there is friction, money is lost. A certain level of friction is to be expected (and often even desired), but most of the friction that occurs within an organization is counterproductive and detrimental to the bottom line. In this course, you will study the factors that have the greatest impact on organizational behavior. From managing individuals and understanding group dynamics to managing conflict and initiating change, organizational behavior affects everyone in a firm. Some of this material will overlap with BUS301, but all of business is cross-functional; stretching concepts across subjects is a powerful learning tool.
This course will cover five major OB areas including managing individuals, managing groups, power and politics, conflict management, and organizational change. Before delving into more rigorous content, it is important to understand what an organization is and the history of organizational behavior as a discipline. In taking this into consideration, this course will begin with a look at the basics of an organization.
Course Information showclose
Primary Resources: This course comprises a range of different free, online materials. However, the course makes primary use of the following materials:
Requirements for Completion: In order to complete this course, you will need to work through each unit and all of its assigned materials. Pay special attention to Unit 1 as this lays the groundwork for understanding the more advanced, exploratory material presented in the latter units. You will also need to complete the Final Exam.
Note that you will only receive an official grade on your Final Exam. However, in order to adequately prepare for this exam, you will need to study the readings, lectures, and PowerPoint presentations in each unit.
In order to pass this course, you will need to earn a 70% or higher on the Final Exam. Your score on the exam will be tabulated as soon as you complete it. If you do not pass the exam, you may take it again.
Time Commitment: This course should take you a total of 120.75 hours to complete. Each unit includes a time advisory that lists the amount of time you are expected to spend on each subunit. These should help you plan your time accordingly. It may be useful to take a look at these time advisories and to determine how much time you have over the next few weeks to complete each unit, and then to set goals for yourself. For example, Unit 1 should take you 16 hours. Perhaps you can sit down with your calendar and decide to complete the introduction to subunit 1.1 and subunit 1.1.1 (a total of 3.5 hours) on Monday night; subunits 1.1.2 through 1.1.4 (a total of 3.25 hours) on Tuesday night; etc.
Tips/Suggestions: As you read and view lectures, take comprehensive notes, marking down any important concepts, definitions, etc. These notes will serve as a useful review as you prepare and study for the Final Exam.
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Learning Outcomes showclose
- define organizational behavior (OB);
- analyze and identify the current trends for organizational behavior;
- explain the benefits of diversity;
- describe the cross-cultural challenges of the workplace;
- explain how work attitudes affect workplace behavior;
- identify the key attributes that are relevant for performance;
- explain how motivation affects performance;
- describe various approaches to job design;
- compare and contrast groups vs. teams;
- describe and identify group development and group dynamics;
- define power and recognize the sources of power;
- describe and identify the factors of organizational politics;
- describe the various types of conflict;
- explain how to effectively manage conflict;
- describe and identify negotiation strategies;
- define organizational structure; and
- describe organizational change.
Course Requirements showclose
√ have access to a computer;
√ have continuous broadband Internet access;
√ have the ability/permission to install plug-ins or software (e.g. Adobe Reader of Flash);
√ have the ability to download and save files and documents to a computer;
√ have the ability to open Microsoft files and documents (.doc, .ppt, .xls, etc.);
√ be competent in the English language;
√ have read the Saylor Student Handbook; and
√ have completed the following courses from the “Core Program” of the Business major: BUS103 and BUS105.
Preliminary Information
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Course Textbooks
Organizational Behavior
Reading: Organizational Behavior (PDF)
You will be prompted to read sections of this book throughout the course. You can download the text in full now and skip to the appropriate section as prompted by the instructions in the resource boxes below.
Terms of Use: The text was adapted by The Saylor Foundation under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License without attribution as requested by the work's original creator or licensee.
Principles of Management
Reading: Principles of Management (PDF)
You will be prompted to read sections of this book throughout the course. You can download the text in full now and skip to the appropriate section as prompted by the instructions in the resource boxes below.
Terms of Use: The text was adapted by The Saylor Foundation under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License without attribution as requested by the work's original creator or licensee. -
Unit 1: Organizations in Business
Let’s start with the basics in considering the following question: what is an organization? An organization is a collection of individuals arranged in a particular way and embedded in an ever-changing environment in order to achieve a common goal. In this introductory unit, you will learn about organizations in business, focusing on how the individual plays a role in the success of the organization. You will learn that you must understand what influences individual behavior before you can study how individuals interact with organizations. As in psychology and sociology, the individual person is the focus of organizational behavior. Because sciences like psychology and sociology are older, more established fields of study than organizational behavior, we will take a look at them in order to better understand the purpose and applications of OB. This unit will provide you with an introduction to OB, including the history and emerging trends of OB. In addition, we will identify the micro-level factors that contribute to our understanding of the OB field. You will also learn about how OB is connected with other sciences. Finally, you will be provided with information on how to properly evaluate research in OB.
Time Advisory show close
Learning Outcomes show close
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1.1 Organizational Behavior
- Reading: Organizational Behavior: “Chapter 1: Organizational Behavior”
Link: Organizational Behavior: “Chapter 1: Organizational Behavior” (PDF)
Instructions: Read Chapter 1 for an introduction to organizational behavior, the study of how people interact in organizations. This chapter will define organizational behavior (OB) and will help you understand the trends and changes in this discipline. This chapter also covers the topics outlined in subunits 1.1.2 and 1.1.4 of this course.
Reading this chapter should take approximately 2 hours.
Terms of Use: The text was adapted by The Saylor Foundation under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License without attribution as requested by the work's original creator or licensee.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Organizational Behavior: “Chapter 1: Organizational Behavior”
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1.1.1 What Is an Organization?
- Lecture: YouTube: New Jersey Institute of Technology: Dr. Naomi Rotter’s Organizational Behavior: “Why, What, and How We Study Behavior in Organizations”
Link: YouTube: New Jersey Institute of Technology: Dr. Naomi Rotter’s Organizational Behavior: “Why, What, and How We Study Behavior in Organizations” (YouTube)
Instructions: Watch this video.
Watching this lecture and pausing to take notes should take approximately 1 hour and 30 minutes.
Terms of Use: This video is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License. It is attributed to Naomi Rotter, and the original version may be found here.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Lecture: YouTube: New Jersey Institute of Technology: Dr. Naomi Rotter’s Organizational Behavior: “Why, What, and How We Study Behavior in Organizations”
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1.1.2 Definition
Note: Review the definition of organizational behavior in section 1.2 of the chapter in subunit 1.1. Take approximately 15 minutes to review this material.
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1.1.3 History
- Reading: Jon R. Wallace’s “Organizational Behavior”
Link: Jon R. Wallace’s “Organizational Behavior” (PPT)
Instructions: Read this presentation for an overview of the key themes that have contributed to the development of the organizational behavior discipline.
Reading this presentation should take approximately 2 hours.
Terms of Use: This presentation is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 Generic License. It is attributed to Jon R. Wallace, and the original version may be found here.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Assessment: Funtrivia.com’s “Quiz – Organizational Behavior”
Link: Funtrivia.com’s “Quiz – Organizational Behavior” (PDF)
Instructions: Take this 10-question quiz on some basic concepts regarding organizational behavior. When you have finished, you may check your answers against the answer key on the third page.
Completing this assessment should take approximately 15 minutes.
Terms of Use: This resource has been reposted under the policies laid out by Funtrivia and can be viewed in its original form here. Please note that this material is under copyright and cannot be reproduced in any capacity without the explicit permission from the copyright holder.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Jon R. Wallace’s “Organizational Behavior”
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1.1.4 Emerging Trends in OB and Workplaces
Note: This topic is also covered by the material under subunit 1.1. Review section 1.5, in which the authors specifically discuss current trends that scholars are researching in the discipline of organizational behavior. Take approximately 15 minutes to review this material.
- Web Media: Tim Clark and David Zinger’s “Employee Engagement Mindset: A Dialogue with Tim Clark and David Zinger”
Link: Tim Clark and David Zinger’s “Employee Engagement Mindset: A Dialogue with Tim Clark and David Zinger” (YouTube)
Instructions: Watch this video, which is a discussion of the employee engagement mindset and personal responsibility for employee engagement.
Watching this video should take approximately 30 minutes.
Terms of Use: This video is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. It is attributed to David Zinger, and the original version may be found here.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Stephen Gill’s The Performance Improvement Blog: “Sample Articles”
Link: Stephen Gill’s The Performance Improvement Blog: “Sample Articles” (PDF)
Instructions: Read these articles from Stephen Gill’s blog, which discuss ways to increase the learning and effectiveness of leaders and managers in organizations. If you would like to learn more, you can go to the full blog linked in the Terms of Use section below.
Reading these articles should take approximately 15 minutes.
Terms of Use: These articles are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. They are attributed to Stephen Gill, and the original versions may be found here.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Web Media: Tim Clark and David Zinger’s “Employee Engagement Mindset: A Dialogue with Tim Clark and David Zinger”
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1.2 Micro Level Factors: Understanding People at Work
- Optional Mobile App: Joviant Technologies’s Principles of Management: “1.1. Who Are Managers?”
Link: Joviant Technologies’s Principles of Management: “1.1. Who Are Managers?” (iOS App)
Instructions: If choosing to use this app, you will first need to download it to your iPad or iPhone. Since this app is only available for iOS devices and has associated costs, its use in this course is optional. No quiz or exam questions will be derived from material within, but it is still a useful supplementary resource. Once downloaded, open the app and read section 1.1, “Who Are Managers?” Consider the categories of managers, and the nature of managerial work. By better understanding the role and nature of management, you will gain additional insights into tactics for understanding and managing others.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Organizational Behavior: “Chapter 3: Understanding People at Work: Individual Differences and Perception”
Link: Organizational Behavior: “Chapter 3: Understanding People at Work: Individual Differences and Perception” (PDF)
Instructions: This chapter discusses the factors affecting how individuals behave in the workplace. This material also covers the topic in subunit 5.2.4 of this course.
Reading this chapter should take approximately 2 hours.
Terms of Use: The text was adapted by The Saylor Foundation under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License without attribution as requested by the work's original creator or licensee.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Lecture: YouTube: New Jersey Institute of Technology: Dr. Naomi Rotter’s Organizational Behavior: “Individual Differences and Personality”
Link: YouTube: New Jersey Institute of Technology: Dr. Naomi Rotter’s Organizational Behavior: “Individual Differences and Personality” (YouTube)
Instructions: Watch this lecture, which also covers the topic for subunit 5.2.4 of this course.
Watching this lecture and pausing to take notes should take approximately 1 hour and 30 minutes.
Terms of Use: This video is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License. It is attributed to Naomi Rotter, and the original may be found here.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: PA-Pedia: F. Nugent’s “Hawthorne Studies”
Link: PA-Pedia: F. Nugent’s “Hawthorne Studies” (PDF)
Instructions: Read the background of the infamous Hawthorne Studies. How did the Hawthorne Studies contribute to our understanding of organizations?
Reading this article should take approximately 15 minutes.
Terms of Use: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. It is attributed to F. Nugent, and the original version may be found here.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Optional Mobile App: Joviant Technologies’s Principles of Management: “1.1. Who Are Managers?”
- 1.3 Links to Other Sciences
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1.3.1 Anthropology
- Reading: Kritisch Kader: Mike Bakker’s “Business Anthropology and Organizational Behavior”
Link: Kritisch Kader: Mike Bakker’s “Business Anthropology and Organizational Behavior” (HTML)
Instructions: Read this blog article, which examines some common attributes of OB derived from anthropology.
Reading this article should take approximately 30 minutes.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Kritisch Kader: Mike Bakker’s “Business Anthropology and Organizational Behavior”
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1.3.2 Psychology
- Reading: BMC Health Services Research: Yafang Tsai’s “Relationship between Organizational Culture, Leadership Behavior and Job Satisfaction”
Link: BMC Health Services Research: Yafang Tsai’s “Relationship between Organizational Culture, Leadership Behavior and Job Satisfaction” (PDF)
Instructions: Read this article on the relationship between organizational culture, leadership behavior and job satisfaction. As you are reading, think about the relationship between these variables and the role that culture plays. Under what conditions will employees make a greater contribution to the organization?
Reading this article should take approximately 45 minutes.
Terms of Use: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Unported License. It is attributed to Yafang Tsai, and the original version may be found here.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: BMC Health Services Research: Yafang Tsai’s “Relationship between Organizational Culture, Leadership Behavior and Job Satisfaction”
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1.3.3 Sociology
- Reading: Business and Management Research: Iiro Jussila, Sanjay Goel, and Psai Tuminen’s “Governance of Co-operative Organizations: A Social Exchange Perspective”
Link: Business and Management Research: Iiro Jussila, Sanjay Goel, and Psai Tuminen’s “Governance of Co-operative Organizations: A Social Exchange Perspective” (PDF)
Instructions: Read this article on Social Exchange Theory for a detailed look at some important aspects of organizational behavior within a social psychology framework.
Reading this article should take approximately 1 hour.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Business and Management Research: Iiro Jussila, Sanjay Goel, and Psai Tuminen’s “Governance of Co-operative Organizations: A Social Exchange Perspective”
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1.3.4 Management
- Reading: Donald Clark’s The Art and Science of Leadership: “Leadership and Organizational Behavior”
Link: Donald Clark’s The Art and Science of Leadership: “Leadership and Organizational Behavior” (PDF)
Instructions: Read this article, which describes a leadership perspective of organizational behavior. Take note of the author’s explanation of the way that a leadership model can drive organizational behavior.
Reading this article should take approximately 1 hour.
Terms of Use: This resource has been reposted with the kind permission of Donald Clark and can be viewed in its original form here. Please note that this material is under copyright and cannot be reproduced in any capacity without the explicit permission from the copyright holder.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Donald Clark’s The Art and Science of Leadership: “Leadership and Organizational Behavior”
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1.4 Evaluating Research in OB
- Reading: Victoria Transport Policy Institute: Todd Litman’s “Evaluating Research Quality: Guidelines for Scholarship”
Link: Victoria Transport Policy Institute: Todd Litman’s “Evaluating Research Quality: Guidelines for Scholarship” (PDF)
Instructions: Read this article, which provides guidelines for how to evaluate the quality of research. Take note of the many examples the author provides of what constitutes “good” versus “bad” research. There is a lot of information out there on behavior within organizations. Much of this information is presented as being factual information from reliable sources but how can we know if what we are reading is an accurate portrayal of contemporary organizational life or just someone’s opinion?
Reading this article should take approximately 2 hours.
Terms of Use: This resource has been reposted under the guidelines of the VTPI, which state that you are “welcome to quote and copy from VTPI documents, provided you credit the authors.” This article is attributed to Todd Litman, and may be viewed in its original form here.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Victoria Transport Policy Institute: Todd Litman’s “Evaluating Research Quality: Guidelines for Scholarship”
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Unit 2: Managing Individuals
Organizational behavior focuses on how individuals interact within a firm. As you know, different incentives motivate and influence individuals; some people strive for success or social status, others just like to keep busy, and still others are focused on simply making money. These are important differences to consider if you are at the helm of a business, as it may influence the ways in which you motivate your workforce.
Time Advisory show close
In this unit, you will explore individual personalities and learn what inspires people to want to succeed in the workplace. You will learn the tools used to identify these traits and recognize that certain traits, such as the ability to handle stress, are more desirable than others – say, a sense of humor – in a work setting. Note that different organizations will value traits differently. For example, perhaps your organization values a sense of humor more! Knowing these traits and how to identify them in people will greatly enhance the success of a business.
Learning Outcomes show close
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2.1 Individuals
- Reading: Principles of Management: “Chapter 2: Personality, Attitudes, and Work Behaviors”
Link: Principles of Management: “Chapter 2: Personality, Attitudes, and Work Behaviors” (PDF)
Instructions: Read this chapter, which discusses employees and their own individual attitudes toward work. It also defines how individuals fit into an organization and lists the key behaviors that result in stellar performance outcomes. This chapter covers the topics outlined in subunits 2.1.1 and 2.1.2 of this course.
Reading this chapter should take approximately 2 hours and 30 minutes.
Terms of Use: The text was adapted by The Saylor Foundation under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License without attribution as requested by the work's original creator or licensee.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Optional Mobile App: Six Voices’s The New Art of Managing People
Link: Six Voices’s The New Art of Managing People (iOS App)
Instructions: If choosing to use this app, you will first need to download it to your iPad or iPhone. Since this app is only available for iOS devices its use in this course is optional. No quiz or exam questions will be derived from material within, but it is still a useful supplementary resource. Once downloaded, open the app and swipe through to read all 58 cards. These flashcards provide a useful and digestible overview of some current terms and tactics in management technique.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Principles of Management: “Chapter 2: Personality, Attitudes, and Work Behaviors”
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2.1.1 Attitudes
Note: This topic is also covered by the material under subunit 2.1. Review chapter 2, sections 4 and 7, for the discussion of work attitudes. Take approximately 15 minutes to review this material.
- Lecture: YouTube: New Jersey Institute of Technology: Dr. Naomi Rotter’s Organizational Behavior: “Attitudes and Job Satisfaction”
Link: YouTube: New Jersey Institute of Technology: Dr. Naomi Rotter’s Organizational Behavior: “Attitudes and Job Satisfaction” (YouTube)
Instructions: Watch this lecture.
Watching this lecture and pausing to take notes should take approximately 1 hour and 30 minutes.
Terms of Use: This video is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License. It is attributed to Naomi Rotter, and the original version may be found here.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Organizational Behavior: “Chapter 4: Individual Attitudes and Behaviors”
Link: Organizational Behavior: “Chapter 4: Individual Attitudes and Behaviors” (PDF)
Instructions: Read this chapter, which discusses the cross cultural attitudes that help shape workplace behavior.
Reading this chapter should take approximately 1 hour and 45 minutes.
Terms of Use: The text was adapted by The Saylor Foundation under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License without attribution as requested by the work's original creator or licensee.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Lecture: YouTube: New Jersey Institute of Technology: Dr. Naomi Rotter’s Organizational Behavior: “Attitudes and Job Satisfaction”
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2.1.2 Persuasion
- Lecture: New Jersey Institute of Technology: Dr. Naomi Rotter’s Organizational Behavior: “Lecture 18: Power and Politics in the Organization”
Link: New Jersey Institute of Technology: Dr. Naomi Rotter’s Organizational Behavior: “Lecture 18: Power and Politics in the Organization” (MP4)
Instructions: Click on the link above and select the “Video” hyperlink for “Lecture 18: Power and Politics in the Organization.” Watch the video.
Watching this lecture and pausing to take notes should take approximately 1 hour and 30 minutes.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above. These videos are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License. It is attributed to Naomi Rotter.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Lecture: New Jersey Institute of Technology: Dr. Naomi Rotter’s Organizational Behavior: “Lecture 18: Power and Politics in the Organization”
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2.1.3 Personality
Note: This topic is also covered by the material under subunit 2.1. Review the reading for the discussion of personalities in the workplace in chapter 2, section 2. Take approximately 15 minutes to review this material.
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2.1.4 Stress and Emotions
- Reading: Organizational Behavior: “Chapter 7: Managing Stress and Emotions”
Link: Organizational Behavior: “Chapter 7: Managing Stress and Emotions” (PDF)
Instructions: Read this chapter, which discusses the stress cycle and the role emotions play in workplace performance.
Reading this chapter should take approximately 2 hours.
Terms of Use: The text was adapted by The Saylor Foundation under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License without attribution as requested by the work's original creator or licensee.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Dr. Jaime Bochantin’s “Processes of Emotion and Stress in the Workplace”
Link: Dr. Jaime Bochantin’s “Processes of Emotion and Stress in the Workplace” (PPT)
Instructions: Review this presentation. As you read, think about your own experiences in dealing with emotion in the workplace. What role does emotion play in contemporary organizations? How has this changed over the past 100 years? What factors may have contributed to this?
Reviewing this presentation and answering the questions above should take approximately 2 hours.
Terms of Use: This presentation is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License. It is attributed to Dr. Jaime Bochantin.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Organizational Behavior: “Chapter 7: Managing Stress and Emotions”
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2.2 Employee Job Performance
- Lecture: YouTube: New Jersey Institute of Technology: Dr. Naomi Rotter’s Organizational Behavior: “Cognitive and Process Theories”
Link: YouTube: New Jersey Institute of Technology: Dr. Naomi Rotter’s Organizational Behavior: “Cognitive and Process Theories” (YouTube)
Instructions: Watch this lecture. This lecture also covers the topics outlined in subunits 2.2.1 through 2.2.4. To maximize your study time, review these additional subunits before watching the lecture. This should help prepare you to attend to additional concepts presented.
Watching this lecture and pausing to take notes should take approximately 1 hour and 30 minutes.
Terms of Use: This video is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License. It is attributed to Naomi Rotter, and the original version may be found here.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Lecture: YouTube: New Jersey Institute of Technology: Dr. Naomi Rotter’s Organizational Behavior: “Cognitive and Process Theories”
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2.2.1 Predictors of Performance
Note: This topic is also covered by the video assigned under subunit 2.2. Listen for Dr. Rotter’s attention to predictors of performance and the impact of motivation in the workplace.
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2.2.2 Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB)
Note: This topic is also covered by the video assigned under subunit 2.2. Listen for Dr. Rotter’s attention to concept and impact of organizational citizenship.
- Reading: International Journal of Business and Management: Nader Sheykh Al Eslami Kandlousi, Anees Janee Ali, Anahita Abdollahi’s “Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Concern of Communication Satisfaction: The Role of the Formal and Informal Communication”
Link: International Journal of Business and Management: Nader Sheykh Al Eslami Kandlousi, Anees Janee Ali, Anahita Abdollahi’s “Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Concern of Communication Satisfaction: The Role of the Formal and Informal Communication” (PDF)
Instructions: Read about the role that communication plays in the development of satisfaction in the workplace.
Reading this article should take approximately 1 hour.
Terms of Use: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. It is attributed to Nader Sheykh Al Eslami Kandlousi, Anees Janee Ali, and Anahita Abdollahi and the original version may be found here.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Web Media: YouTube: Josh Trevino’s “Organizational Citizenship Behavior”
Link: YouTube: Josh Trevino’s “Organizational Citizenship Behavior” (YouTube)
Instructions: Watch this video for a brief definition of OCB along with an interesting application of this construct.
Watching this video and pausing to take notes should take approximately 15 minutes.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Optional Reading: Workplace Bullying Institute
Link: Workplace Bullying Institute (HTML)
Instructions: Note that this is an optional resource that you may explore at your leisure. The link above is the Workplace Bullying Institute website. Spend some time exploring the various resources and content pertaining to a recent trend that has been emerging in workplaces: workplace bullying. A good starting place is to click on the tab, “Help for Targets,” which will bring you to a page where you can read research and get insight into the definitions and occurrences of workplace bullying.
Exploring this website should take approximately 30 minutes.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: International Journal of Business and Management: Nader Sheykh Al Eslami Kandlousi, Anees Janee Ali, Anahita Abdollahi’s “Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Concern of Communication Satisfaction: The Role of the Formal and Informal Communication”
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2.2.3 Absenteeism
Note: This topic is also covered by the video lecture assigned under subunit 2.2. Listen for Dr. Rotter’s discussion of absenteeism and its effect on the workplace.
- Reading: Dr. Stefani Yorges’ “The Role of the Supervisor in Managing Absenteeism”
Link: Dr. Stefani Yorges’ “The Role of the Supervisor in Managing Absenteeism” (PDF)
Instructions: Read Dr. Yorges’ article, which outlines a five-stage approach to managing absenteeism. This article is two pages; remember to click on the “Next” hyperlink at the bottom of the first webpage to continue on to the second page of the article.
Reading this article should take approximately 1 hour.
Terms of Use: This resource has been reposted with the kind permission of Stefani Yorges and can be viewed in its original form here. Please note that this material is under copyright and cannot be reproduced in any capacity without the explicit permission from the copyright holder.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Dr. Stefani Yorges’ “The Role of the Supervisor in Managing Absenteeism”
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2.2.4 Turnover
Note: This topic is also covered by the video assigned under subunit 2.2. Listen for Dr. Rotter’s discussion of the effect of turnover on workplace behavior.
- Reading: Dr. Jaime Bochantin’s “Employee Turnover”
Link: Dr. Jaime Bochantin’s “Employee Turnover” (PPT)
Instructions: Review this presentation. As you read, think about your own experiences in dealing with turnover in the workplace. What are the factors that lead to turnover?
Reviewing this presentation and answering the question above should take approximately 30 minutes.
Terms of Use: This presentation is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License. It is attributed to Dr. Jaime Bochantin.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: South African Journal of Industrial Psychology: Janine du Plooy and Gert Roodt’s “Work Engagement, Burnout and Related Constructs as Predictors of Turnover Intentions”
Link: South African Journal of Industrial Psychology: Janine du Plooy and Gert Roodt’s “Work Engagement, Burnout and Related Constructs as Predictors of Turnover Intentions” (PDF)
Instructions: Read this article. It is very dense, so only focus on the broad themes of the article. While you are reading, think about some of the reasons people leave their jobs and how this might be related to burnout and turnover.
Reading this article should take approximately 1 hour.
Terms of Use: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. It is attributed to Janine du Plooy and Gert Roodt, and the original version may be found here.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Dr. Jaime Bochantin’s “Employee Turnover”
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2.3 Motivation
- Reading: Organizational Behavior: “Chapter 5: Theories of Motivation”
Link: Organizational Behavior: “Chapter 5: Theories of Motivation” (PDF)
Instructions: Read this chapter, which discusses the basic needs of employees in the workplace and also provides an overview of various theories that researchers use to analyze performance problems.
Reading this chapter should take approximately 1 hour and 45 minutes.
Terms of Use: The text was adapted by The Saylor Foundation under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License without attribution as requested by the work's original creator or licensee.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Lecture: YouTube: New Jersey Institute of Technology: Dr. Naomi Rotter’s Organizational Behavior: “Motivational Processes, Need Theories”
Link: YouTube: New Jersey Institute of Technology: Dr. Naomi Rotter’s Organizational Behavior: “Motivational Processes, Need Theories” (YouTube)
Instructions: Watch this video.
Watching this lecture and pausing to take notes should take approximately 1 hour and 30 minutes.
Terms of Use: This video is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License. It is attributed to Naomi Rotter, and the original version may be found here.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Principles of Management: “Chapter 14: Motivating Employees”
Link: Principles of Management: “Chapter 14: Motivating Employees” (PDF)
Instructions: Read this chapter.
Reading this chapter should take approximately 45 minutes.
Terms of Use: The text was adapted by The Saylor Foundation under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License without attribution as requested by the work's original creator or licensee.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Organizational Behavior: “Chapter 5: Theories of Motivation”
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2.3.1 Job Design
- Reading: Organizational Behavior: “Chapter 6: Designing a Motivating Work Environment”
Link: Organizational Behavior: “Chapter 6: Designing a Motivating Work Environment” (PDF)
Instructions: Read this chapter, which discusses the various incentives that can be used to design jobs that will motivate employees. This reading will cover the material you need to know for subunits 2.3.2 and 2.3.3.
Reading this chapter should take approximately 2 hours and 30 minutes.
Terms of Use: The text was adapted by The Saylor Foundation under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License without attribution as requested by the work's original creator or licensee.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Lecture: YouTube: New Jersey Institute of Technology: Dr. Naomi Rotter’s Organizational Behavior: “Applications in the Organization of Job Design”
Link: YouTube: New Jersey Institute of Technology: Dr. Naomi Rotter’s Organizational Behavior: “Applications in the Organization of Job Design” (YouTube)
Instructions: Watch this video.
Watching this video and pausing to take notes should take approximately 1 hour and 30 minutes.
Terms of Use: This video is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License. It is attributed to Naomi Rotter, and the original version may be found here.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Organizational Behavior: “Chapter 6: Designing a Motivating Work Environment”
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2.3.2 Goals
Note: This topic is also covered by the material under subunit 2.3.1. Review chapter 6, section 3, for goal-setting strategies that can be used to motivate employees. Take approximately 15 minutes to review this material.
- Reading: Lisa White-McNulty’s “Motivation: Goal Setting”
Link: Lisa White-McNulty’s “Motivation: Goal Setting” (PDF)
Instructions: Read this article, which discusses how to set goals and the motivations for setting goals.
Reading this article should take approximately 1 hour.
Terms of Use: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. It is attributed to Lisa White-McNulty, and the original version may be found here.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Lisa White-McNulty’s “Motivation: Goal Setting”
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2.3.3 Improving Organizational Performance
Note: This topic is also covered by the material under subunit 2.3.1. Review chapter 6, section 4, for the various performance incentives that can motivate employees. Take approximately 15 minutes to review this material.
- Reading: Principles of Management: “Chapter 16, Section 5: Designing a High-Performance Work System”
Link: Principles of Management: “Chapter 16, Section 5: Designing a High-Performance Work System” (PDF)
Instructions: Please read “Section 5: Designing a High-Performance Work System” of Chapter 16. This section provides an overview of high-performing work systems and how to better organize a business for effective performance.
Reading this section should take approximately 15 minutes.
Terms of Use: The text was adapted by The Saylor Foundation under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License without attribution as requested by the work's original creator or licensee.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Henry Sempangi, David Cracknell, Madhurantika Moulick, and Hermann Messan’s “Process Mapping in Practice”
Link: Henry Sempangi, David Cracknell, Madhurantika Moulick, and Hermann Messan’s “Process Mapping in Practice” (PDF)
Instructions: Read this article, which discusses process mapping as it relates to setting goals.
Reading this article should take approximately 30 minutes.
Terms of Use: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. It is attributed to Henry Sempangi, David Cracknell, Madhurantika Moulick, and Hermann Messan, and the original version may be found here.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Principles of Management: “Chapter 16, Section 5: Designing a High-Performance Work System”
-
Unit 3: Managing Groups
Is there a difference between a group and team? Certainly, for example, groups can exist without having a specific goal in mind. Or said another way, groups can have a goal that fluctuates or changes to adapt to the needs of the group. A book club is a group. The people with whom you discuss that month’s reading are not, however, part of your team. To have a team, you must have a clear and elevating goal which supersedes all individual goals. Usually, this goal does not change or get adjusted; instead, it guides all aspects of the team’s performance. This does not mean there is no place for groups within a company; many groups exist to serve other needs within the organization. You might, for example, have a committee for enhancing diversity in some way or a group of executives that are searching for a new CEO. In both of these examples, there is a goal (e.g. increase diversity or find a CEO), but the way this goal is attained can change throughout the process. Perhaps your group decided mid-way through the process to only consider internal hires for the promotion as opposed to conducting an external search when the group was first formed. Whether you are working with a group or a team, there are several characteristics that successful groups and teams share, including proper group development, the establishment of guidelines and boundaries, leadership, and strong communication channels.
Time Advisory show close
In this unit, you will learn about these topics and more. Because so much of business success relies on teams and groups, learning how to properly manage them may be the most important takeaway from this course.
Learning Outcomes show close
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3.1 Groups
- Reading: Organizational Behavior: “Chapter 9: Managing Groups and Teams”
Link: Organizational Behavior: “Chapter 9: Managing Groups and Teams” (PDF)
Instructions: Read this chapter, which compares and contrasts groups and teams, explores ethics, and teaches the stages of group development. This chapter covers the topics outlined in subunits 3.1.2.1 through 3.1.2.4 of this course. To maximize your study time, review these additional subunits before completing this reading. This should help prepare you to attend to additional concepts presented.
Reading this chapter should take approximately 2 hours.
Terms of Use: The text was adapted by The Saylor Foundation under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License without attribution as requested by the work's original creator or licensee.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Lecture: YouTube: New Jersey Institute of Technology: Dr. Naomi Rotter’s Organizational Behavior: “Group Processes in the Organization – Part 1”
Link: YouTube: New Jersey Institute of Technology: Dr. Naomi Rotter’s Organizational Behavior: “Group Processes in the Organization – Part 1” (YouTube)
Instructions: Watch this video.
Watching this lecture and pausing to take notes should take approximately 1 hour and 30 minutes.
Terms of Use: This video is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License. It is attributed to Naomi Rotter, and the original version may be found here.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Optional Mobile App: Joviant Technologies’s Principles of Management: “1.6. Your Principles of Management Survivor’s Guide”
Link: Joviant Technologies’s Principles of Management: “1.6. Your Principles of Management Survivor’s Guide” (iOS App)
Instructions: Open the app and read section 1.6, “Your Principles of Management Survivor’s Guide.” As managers face the challenges of group processes, it may be helpful to review this reading on managerial survival tactics, including styles of learning, matching those styles to circumstances, and developing a personal framework for effectiveness.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Organizational Behavior: “Chapter 9: Managing Groups and Teams”
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3.1.1 Defining Groups
- Lecture: YouTube: New Jersey Institute of Technology: Dr. Naomi Rotter’s Organizational Behavior: “Group Processes in the Organization – Part 2”
Link: YouTube: New Jersey Institute of Technology: Dr. Naomi Rotter’s Organizational Behavior: “Group Processes in the Organization – Part 2” (YouTube)
Instructions: Watch this video.
Watching this lecture and pausing to take notes should take approximately 1 hour and 30 minutes.
Terms of Use: This video is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License. It is attributed to Naomi Rotter, and the original version may be found here.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Lecture: YouTube: New Jersey Institute of Technology: Dr. Naomi Rotter’s Organizational Behavior: “Group Processes in the Organization – Part 2”
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3.1.2 Group Development
- Lecture: YouTube: New Jersey Institute of Technology: Dr. Naomi Rotter’s Organizational Behavior: “Group Processes in the Organization – Part 3”
Link: YouTube: New Jersey Institute of Technology: Dr. Naomi Rotter’s Organizational Behavior: “Group Processes in the Organization – Part 3” (YouTube)
Instructions: Watch this video. After watching these three lectures by Dr. Rotter, the four stages of group development (subunits 3.1.2.1–3.1.2.4) will be apparent. This lecture also covers the material you need to know for subunits 3.1.2.1–3.1.2.4. To maximize your study time, review these additional subunits before watching the lecture. This should help prepare you to attend to additional concepts presented.
Watching this lecture and pausing to take notes should take approximately 1 hour and 30 minutes.
Terms of Use: This video is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License. It is attributed to Naomi Rotter, and the original version may be found here.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Lecture: YouTube: New Jersey Institute of Technology: Dr. Naomi Rotter’s Organizational Behavior: “Group Processes in the Organization – Part 3”
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3.1.2.1 Forming
Note: This topic is covered by the material under subunit 3.1 and subunit 3.1.2. Review Chapter 9, Section 2, and listen to Dr. Rotter’s lecture specifically for the discussion of the forming stage of group development. Take approximately 15 minutes to review the reading, which will also explore the concepts in subunits 3.1.2.2 through 3.1.2.4.
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3.1.2.2 Storming
Note: This topic is covered by the material under subunit 3.1 and subunit 3.1.2. Review Chapter 9, Section 2, and listen to Dr. Rotter’s lecture specifically for the discussion of the storming stage of group development.
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3.1.2.3 Norming
Note: This topic is covered by the material under subunit 3.1 and subunit 3.1.2. Review Chapter 9, Section 2, and listen to Dr. Rotter’s lecture specifically for the discussion of the norming stage of group development.
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3.1.2.4 Performing
Note: This topic is covered by the material under subunit 3.1 and subunit 3.1.2. Review Chapter 9, Section 2, and listen to Dr. Rotter’s lecture specifically for the discussion of the performing stage of group development.
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3.1.3 Cohesion
- Reading: Principles of Management: “Chapter 13, Section 1: Group Dynamics”
Link: Principles of Management: “Chapter 13, Section 1: Group Dynamics” (PDF)
Instructions: Read “Section 1: Group Dynamics” for Chapter 13. Note this reading also covers the topics outline in subunits 3.1.4 and 3.1.5 of this course. To maximize your study time, review these additional subunits before reading. This should help prepare you to attend to additional concepts presented.
Reading this chapter should take approximately 30 minutes.
Terms of Use: The text was adapted by The Saylor Foundation under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License without attribution as requested by the work's original creator or licensee.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Principles of Management: “Chapter 13, Section 1: Group Dynamics”
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3.1.4 Loafing
Note: This topic is covered by the material under subunit 3.1.3. Review chapter 13, section 1 for a discussion of loafing and its impact on group performance. Take approximately 15 minutes to review this material.
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3.1.5 Efficacy
Note: This topic is covered by the material under subunit 3.1.3. Review chapter 13, section 1 for a discussion of concept of efficacy on group performance.
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3.2 Teams
- Reading: Principles of Management: “Chapter 13: Managing Groups and Teams”
Link: Principles of Management: “Chapter 13: Managing Groups and Teams” (PDF)
Instructions: You have already read Section 1 of this chapter; read the remainder of the chapter. This chapter also covers the topics outlined in subunits 3.2.1–3.2.6 of this course. To maximize your study time, review these additional subunits before completing the reading. This should help prepare you to attend to additional concepts presented.
Reading this chapter should take approximately 2 hours.
Terms of Use: The text was adapted by The Saylor Foundation under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License without attribution as requested by the work's original creator or licensee.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Stephen Gill’s The Performance Improvement Blog: “Can Groups Be Creative?”
Link: Stephen Gill’s The Performance Improvement Blog: “Can Groups Be Creative?” (PDF)
Instructions: Read this article from Stephen Gill’s blog, which discusses ways that groups can work effectively as a team. If you would like to learn more, you can go to the full blog linked in the Terms of Use section below.
Reading these articles should take approximately 15 minutes.
Terms of Use: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. It is attributed to Stephen Gill, and the original version may be found here.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Principles of Management: “Chapter 13: Managing Groups and Teams”
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3.2.1 Groups vs. Teams
Note: This topic is covered by the material under subunit 3.2. Review chapter 13, section 3 for a discussion of the contrast between groups and teams as well as the characteristics of teams. Take approximately 15 minutes to review this material.
- Reading: Dr. Jaime Bochantin’s “Groups vs. Teams”
Link: Dr. Jaime Bochantin’s “Groups vs. Teams” (PPT)
Instructions: Review this presentation for a brief look at the characteristics that differentiate a group from a team.
Reviewing this presentation should take approximately 30 minutes.
Terms of Use: This presentation is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License. It is attributed to Dr. Jaime Bochantin.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Dr. Jaime Bochantin’s “Groups vs. Teams”
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3.2.2 Defining Roles
Note: This topic is also covered by the material under subunit 3.2. Review chapter 13, section 3, and take note of the roles people take on teams.
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3.2.3 Autonomy and Leadership
Note: This topic is covered by the material under subunit 3.2. Review chapter 13, section 3 for the impact the concepts of autonomy and leadership have on team behavior.
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3.2.4 Designing Teams
Note: This topic is also covered by the material under subunit 3.2. Review chapter 13, sections 3 and 4. These sections address the process of designing successful work teams. Take approximately 15 minutes to review this material.
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3.2.5 Managing Teams
Note: This topic is covered by the material under subunit 3.2. Review chapter 13, sections 4 and 5. These sections provide a discussion of the challenges inherent in managing teams. Take approximately 15 minutes to review this material.
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3.2.6 Making Teams Effective
Note: This topic is covered by the material under subunit 3.2. Review chapter 13, sections 4 and 5. These sections address the management challenges of increasing team effectiveness.
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3.3 Leadership
- Reading: Organizational Behavior: “Chapter 12: Leading People within Organizations”
Link: Organizational Behavior: “Chapter 12: Leading People within Organizations” (PDF)
Instructions: Read this chapter, which discusses traits of a good leader. This chapter also applies to the topics outlined in subunits 3.3.1 and 3.3.2 of this course. To maximize your study time, review these additional subunits before finishing the chapter. This should help prepare you to attend to the additional concepts presented.
Reading this chapter should take approximately 2 hours and 30 minutes.
Terms of Use: The text was adapted by The Saylor Foundation under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License without attribution as requested by the work's original creator or licensee.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Lecture: YouTube: New Jersey Institute of Technology: Dr. Naomi Rotter’s Organizational Behavior: “Leadership”
Link: YouTube: New Jersey Institute of Technology: Dr. Naomi Rotter’s Organizational Behavior: “Leadership – Part 1” and “Leadership – Part 2” (YouTube)
Instructions: Watch these videos.
Watching these lectures and pausing to take notes should take approximately 2 hours and 30 minutes.
Terms of Use: These videos are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License. They are attributed to Naomi Rotter, and the original versions may be found here.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Organizational Behavior: “Chapter 12: Leading People within Organizations”
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3.3.1 Basic Approaches to Leadership
Note: This topic is covered by the material under subunit 3.3. Review chapter 12, section 3 for a discussion of behavioral approaches to leadership. Take approximately 15 minutes to review this material.
- Reading: Donald Clark’s The Art and Science of Leadership: “Leadership Styles”
Link: Donald Clark’s The Art and Science of Leadership: “Leadership Styles” (PDF)
Instructions: Read this article, which outlines common leadership styles. You will probably recognize one or more of these leadership styles from your own work experience.
Reading this article should take approximately 30 minutes.
Terms of Use: This resource has been reposted with the kind permission of Donald Clark and can be viewed in its original form here. Please note that this material is under copyright and cannot be reproduced in any capacity without the explicit permission from the copyright holder.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Dan Rockwell’s Leadership Freak: “Leadership Styles Sample Posts”
Link: Dan Rockwell’s Leadership Freak: “Leadership Styles Sample Posts” (PDF)
Instructions: Read these sample posts from Dan Rockwell’s Leadership Freak blog. If you are interested in exploring these topics further, check out the full blog in the Terms of Use section below.
Reading these entries and exploring this blog should take approximately 1 hour.
Terms of Use: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. It is attributed to Dan Rockwell, and the original version may be found here.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Donald Clark’s The Art and Science of Leadership: “Leadership Styles”
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3.3.2 Modern Issues in Leadership
Note: This topic is covered by the material under subunit 3.3. Review chapter 12, section 5 for a discussion of contemporary approaches to leadership. Take approximately 15 minutes to review this material.
- Reading: Stephen Gill’s Performance Improvement Blog: “Command-and-Control Leadership vs. People-Centered Leadership”
Link: Stephen Gill’s Performance Improvement Blog: “Command-and-Control Leadership vs. People-Centered Leadership” (PDF)
Instructions: Read this article about a very distinctive type of leadership, command-and-control.
Reading this article should take approximately 30 minutes.
Terms of Use: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. It is attributed to Stephen Gill, and the original version may be found here.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Stephen Gill’s Performance Improvement Blog: “Command-and-Control Leadership vs. People-Centered Leadership”
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3.4 Communication
- Lecture: YouTube: New Jersey Institute of Technology: Dr. Naomi Rotter’s Organizational Behavior: “Communication in the Organization”
Link: YouTube: New Jersey Institute of Technology: Dr. Naomi Rotter’s Organizational Behavior: “Communication in the Organization” (YouTube)
Instructions: Watch this video.
Watching this lecture and pausing to take notes should take approximately 1 hour and 30 minutes.
Terms of Use: This video is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License. It is attributed to Naomi Rotter, and the original version may be found here.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Organizational Behavior: “Chapter 8: Communication”
Link: Organizational Behavior: “Chapter 8: Communication” (PDF)
Instructions: Read this chapter.
Reading this chapter should take approximately 1 hour and 45 minutes.
Terms of Use: The text was adapted by The Saylor Foundation under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License without attribution as requested by the work's original creator or licensee.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Lecture: YouTube: New Jersey Institute of Technology: Dr. Naomi Rotter’s Organizational Behavior: “Communication in the Organization”
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3.4.1 Interpersonal Communication
- Reading: Laura K. Hahn, Lance Lippert, and Scott T. Paynton’s Survey of Communication Study: “Chapter 9 – Interpersonal Communication”
Links: Laura K. Hahn, Lance Lippert, and Scott T. Paynton’s Survey of Communication Study: “Chapter 9 – Interpersonal Communication” (PDF)
Instructions: Read this chapter, which discusses interpersonal conflict styles and how to apply effective conflict management.
Reading this chapter should take approximately 1 hour.
Terms of Use: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. It is attributed to Laura K. Hahn, Lance Lippert, and Scott T. Paynton, and the original version may be found here.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Laura K. Hahn, Lance Lippert, and Scott T. Paynton’s Survey of Communication Study: “Chapter 9 – Interpersonal Communication”
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3.4.2 Managing Relationships in the Workplace
Note: This topic is covered by the material under subunit 3.4.1. As you read about interpersonal relationships in the workplace, also focus on the impact of personal relationships in the workplace. Take approximately 30 minutes to review this material.
- Reading: International Business Research: Faith Semercioz, Masoodul Hassan and Zelal Aldemir’s “An Empirical Study on the Role of Interpersonal and Institutional Trust in Organizational Innovativeness”
Link: International Business Research: Faith Semercioz, Masoodul Hassan and Zelal Aldemir’s “An Empirical Study on the Role of Interpersonal and Institutional Trust in Organizational Innovativeness” (PDF)
Instructions: Read this article, which discusses the effects of the dimensions of organizational trust such as interpersonal trust (coworkers trust and trust in supervisors/leaders). It also covers institutional trust on the dimensions of organizational innovativeness such as product, process, behavioral, and strategic innovativeness in beverages companies serving in Pakistan and Turkey, and banking companies operating in Pakistan.
Reading this article should take approximately 45 minutes.
Terms of Use: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. It is attributed to Faith Semercioz, Masoodul Hassan and Zelal Aldemir, and the original version may be found here.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: The Open University’s “The Importance of Interpersonal Skills”
Link: The Open University’s “The Importance of Interpersonal Skills” (PDF)
Instructions: Read this article, which describes the process that we go through when creating and developing relationships in the workplace.
Reading this article should take approximately 45 minutes.
Terms of Use: This article is licensed under a Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0 UK: England & Wales. It is attributed to the Open University, and the original version may be found here.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: International Business Research: Faith Semercioz, Masoodul Hassan and Zelal Aldemir’s “An Empirical Study on the Role of Interpersonal and Institutional Trust in Organizational Innovativeness”
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3.4.3 Emotional and Social Intelligence
- Reading: Consortium for Research on Emotional Intelligence in Organizations: Cary Cherniss, Daniel Goleman, Robert Emmerling, Kim Cowan & Mitchel Adler’s “Bring Emotional Intelligence to the Workplace: A Technical Report Issued by the Consortium for Research on Emotional Intelligence in Organizations”
Link: Consortium for Research on Emotional Intelligence in Organizations: Cary Cherniss, Daniel Goleman, Robert Emmerling, Kim Cowan & Mitchel Adler’s “Bring Emotional Intelligence to the Workplace: A Technical Report Issued by the Consortium for Research on Emotional Intelligence in Organizations” (PDF)
Instructions: Read this discussion on emotional intelligence and how it is possible to improve the social and emotional competence of adult workers.
Reading this article should take approximately 1 hour.
Terms of Use: This resource has been reposted under the policies laid out by the Consortium for Research on Emotional Intelligence in Organizations and can be viewed in its original form here. Please note that this material is under copyright and cannot be reproduced in any capacity without the explicit permission from the copyright holder.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Lecture: YouTube: New Jersey Institute of Technology: Dr. Naomi Rotter’s Organizational Behavior: “Social Perception”
Link: YouTube: New Jersey Institute of Technology: Dr. Naomi Rotter’s Organizational Behavior: “Social Perception” (YouTube)
Instructions: Watch this video.
Watching this lecture and pausing to take notes should take approximately 1 hour and 30 minutes.
Terms of Use: This video is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License. It is attributed to Naomi Rotter, and the original version may be found here.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Consortium for Research on Emotional Intelligence in Organizations: Cary Cherniss, Daniel Goleman, Robert Emmerling, Kim Cowan & Mitchel Adler’s “Bring Emotional Intelligence to the Workplace: A Technical Report Issued by the Consortium for Research on Emotional Intelligence in Organizations”
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Unit 4: Leveraging Power
Power is a popular topic, because it is so easily misused. We all have some kind of power over others, whether it is earned through a promotion in the organization or just a reflection of knowledge and experience. This unit may alter your understanding of power and teach you that there is nothing wrong with using power (appropriately). In fact, as an employee, you are expected to use the power you have within an organization as you were likely employed for just that reason. Power comes in many forms, but it is almost always used to influence.
Time Advisory show close
This unit will discuss how influence differs from manipulation and explain how individuals use influence within the workforce. This unit will conclude with a look at the politics within organizations and how ethics apply to power. As you are likely aware, there are too many examples in which power is used improperly in business. Responsible business schools today place extra emphasis upon ethics, especially when talking about subjects such as power.
Learning Outcomes show close
- Reading: Organizational Behavior: “Chapter 13: Power and Politics”
Link: Organizational Behavior: “Chapter 13: Power and Politics” (PDF)
Instructions: Read this chapter, which discusses the meaning of power and authority and will inform you of both the positive and negative factors related to power and influence. This chapter covers the topics outlined in subunits 4.1 through 4.3.
Reading this chapter should take approximately 2 hours and 30 minutes.
Terms of Use: The text was adapted by The Saylor Foundation under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License without attribution as requested by the work's original creator or licensee.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Lecture: YouTube: New Jersey Institute of Technology: Dr. Naomi Rotter’s Organizational Behavior: “Power and Politics”
Link: YouTube: New Jersey Institute of Technology: Dr. Naomi Rotter’s Organizational Behavior: “Power and Politics” (YouTube)
Instructions: Watch this video, which covers all of Unit 4. To maximize your study time, review the subunits for this unit of the course before watching the lecture. This should help prepare you to attend to the additional concepts presented.
Watching this lecture and pausing to take notes should take approximately 1 hour and 30 minutes.
Terms of Use: This video is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License. It is attributed to Naomi Rotter, and the original version may be found here.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Organizational Behavior: “Chapter 13: Power and Politics”
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4.1 Power
- Reading: David Straker’s “Power in Organizations”
Link: David Straker’s “Power in Organizations” (PDF)
Instructions: Read this overview of concepts regarding power in organizations. As the article notes: “Everyone has the ability to acquire and use more power than they might reasonably expect to have.” This reading covers topics in subunits 4.1.1–4.1.4 below. To maximize your study time, review these additional subunits before completing the reading. This should help prepare you to attend to the additional concepts presented.
Reading this article should take approximately 30 minutes.
Terms of Use: This resource has been reposted with the kind permission of David Straker and can be viewed in its original form here. Please note that this material is under copyright and cannot be reproduced in any capacity without the explicit permission from the copyright holder.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Optional Mobile App: Joviant Technologies’s Principles of Management: “4.6. Developing Your Personal Mission and Vision”
Link: Joviant Technologies’s Principles of Management: “4.6. Developing Your Personal Mission and Vision” (iOS App)
Instructions: Open the app and read section 4.6, “Developing Your Personal Mission and Vision.” To effectively exercise power, it is essential to have a guiding framework. This reading provides guidelines for developing your own direction grounded in a personal mission and vision.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: David Straker’s “Power in Organizations”
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4.1.1 Defining Power
Note: This topic is covered by the material under subunit 4.1. Please focus on Kanter’s definition of power as it relates to organizational behavior.
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4.1.2 Pros and Cons of Power
Note: This topic is covered by the material under subunit 4.1. Please focus on Kanter’s discussion of the advantages and disadvantages regarding power as it is wielded in organizational relationships.
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4.1.3 Conformity
Note: This topic is covered by the material below the Unit 4 introduction. In particular, review chapter 13, section 2. In this section, you will learn more about the contrast between power and conformity in organizational relationships. Take approximately 15 minutes to review this material.
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4.1.4 Dependency and Power
- Reading: David Straker’s “Dependence Principle”
Link: David Straker’s “Dependence Principle” (PDF)
Instructions: Read this article for a brief overview of the concept of dependency.
Reading this article should take less than 15 minutes.
Terms of Use: This resource has been reposted with the kind permission of David Straker and can be viewed in its original form here. Please note that this material is under copyright and cannot be reproduced in any capacity without the explicit permission from the copyright holder.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: David Straker’s “Dependence Principle”
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4.1.4.1 Scarcity
Note: This topic is covered by the material under the Unit 4 introduction. Review chapter 13, section 2, and focus on the concept of scarcity as it applies to dependency and power. Take approximately 30 minutes to review this material.
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4.1.4.2 Importance
Note: This topic is covered by the material under the Unit 4 introduction. In chapter 13, section 2, focus on the concept of importance as it applies to dependency and power.
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4.1.4.3 Substitutability
Note: This topic is covered by the material under the Unit 4 introduction. In chapter 13, section 2, focus on the concept of substitutability as it applies to dependency and power.
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4.2 Power Bases and Influence
- Reading: KOERS Bulletin for Christian Scholarship: Volker Kessler’s “Leadership and Power”
Reading: KOERS Bulletin for Christian Scholarship: Volker Kessler’s “Leadership and Power” (PDF)
Instructions: Read Kessler’s original research article, which defines leadership, power and influence. Notice the author’s attention to the concepts of abuse of power and the misconception of powerlessness.
Reading this article should take approximately 1 hour.
Terms of Use: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. It is attributed to Volker Kessler, and the original version may be found here.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: KOERS Bulletin for Christian Scholarship: Volker Kessler’s “Leadership and Power”
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4.2.1 Legitimate Power
Note: This topic is covered by the material under the Unit 4 introduction. In particular, please focus on chapter 13, section 3, which addresses the types of power and sources of power. Take approximately 30 minutes to review this material.
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4.2.2 Reward Power
Note: This topic is covered by the material under the Unit 4 introduction. Review chapter 13, section 3 for the discussion of rewards as a source of power.
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4.2.3 Coercive Power
Note: This topic is covered by the material under the Unit 4 introduction. Review chapter 13, section 3 for the discussion of coercion as a source of power.
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4.2.4 Expert Power
Note: This topic is covered by the material under the Unit 4 introduction. Review chapter 13, section 3 for the discussion of expertise as a source of power.
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4.2.5 Referent Power
Note: This topic is covered by the material under the Unit 4 introduction. Review Chapter 13, Section 3 for the discussion of speech as a source of power.
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4.2.6 Information Power
Note: This topic is covered by the material under the Unit 4 introduction. Review chapter 13, section 3 for the discussion of information as a source of power.
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4.3 Politics
- Reading: National Defense University: “Strategic Leadership and Decision Making: Leveraging Power and Politics”
Link: National Defense University: “Strategic Leadership and Decision Making: Leveraging Power and Politics” (HTML)
Instructions: Read this article, which discusses power in organizations. This reading also covers topics in subunits 4.3.1–4.3.3 below. To maximize your study time, review these additional subunits before completing this reading. This should help prepare you to attend to the additional concepts presented.
Reading this article should take approximately 2 hours.
Terms of Use: This material is in the public domain.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: National Defense University: “Strategic Leadership and Decision Making: Leveraging Power and Politics”
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4.3.1 Organizational Politics
Note: This topic is covered by the material under the Unit 4 introduction and subunit 4.3. In particular, pay attention to chapter 13, section 4 in Organizational Behavior. In this section, you will learn about organizational politics and how it affects behavior in organizations. For the material under subunit 4.3, focus on the text below the heading “The Concepts of Power and Organizational Politics.” Take approximately 30 minutes to review this material.
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4.3.2 Social Networks
- Reading: Lisa Canning’s Entrepreneur the Arts: “2011 Nonprofit Social Networking Benchmark Report”
Link: Lisa Canning’s Entrepreneur the Arts: “2011 Nonprofit Social Networking Benchmark Report” (PDF)
Instructions: Read this blog post for examples of how organizations are using social media to engage audiences and network internally and externally.
Reading this article should take approximately 30 minutes.
Terms of Use: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. It is attributed to Lisa Canning, and the original version may be found here.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Giorgos Cheliotis’ “Social Network Analysis”
Link: Giorgos Cheliotis’ “Social Network Analysis” (PDF)
Instructions: Read Giorgos Cheliotis’ presentation about social network analysis. As you read, note how important networks and interactions are to the work of an organization.
Reading this presentation should take approximately 1 hour.
Terms of Use: This presentation is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Singapore License. It is attributed to Giorgos Cheliotis, and the original version may be found here.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Lisa Canning’s Entrepreneur the Arts: “2011 Nonprofit Social Networking Benchmark Report”
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4.3.3 Ethics and Politics
- Reading: International Business Research: Muhammad Abdul Jalil, Ferdous Azam, and Muhammad Khalilur Rahman’s “Implementation Mechanism of Ethics in Business Organizations”
Link: International Business Research: Muhammad Abdul Jalil, Ferdous Azam, and Muhammad Khalilur Rahman’s “Implementation Mechanism of Ethics in Business Organizations” (PDF)
Instructions: Read this article to learn more about the importance of ethics in business relationships. In today’s business environment individuals as well as organizations are judged by their behaviors. This is where reputations are made.
Reading this article should take approximately 1 hour.
Terms of Use: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. It is attributed to Muhammad Abdul Jalil, Ferdous Azam, and Muhammad Khalilur Rahman, and the original version may be found here.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: International Business Research: Muhammad Abdul Jalil, Ferdous Azam, and Muhammad Khalilur Rahman’s “Implementation Mechanism of Ethics in Business Organizations”
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Unit 5: Conflict Management and Negotiations
Conflict is a good thing – as long as it is productive. Insulting someone is not productive, but a healthy debate is the foundation of democracy and is valuable in business as well. Successful organizations encourage healthy conflict; it forces people to defend opinions and allows for a free flow of ideas. (Of course, managers must prevent these conflicts from getting out of hand.)
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The same ideas apply to negotiation, or conflict with an individual outside of the organization. The key to successful negotiation is preparation. Whereas conflict within a firm can be less formal, negotiations require much more due diligence. Whether it is a $10,000 contract or a $10 billion merger, the principles of negotiation remain the same.
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5.1 Conflict
- Reading: Organizational Behavior: “Chapter 10: Conflict and Negotiations”
Link: Organizational Behavior: “Chapter 10: Conflict and Negotiations” (PDF)
Instructions: Read this chapter. Note that this chapter covers content you will need to know for this unit. To maximize your study time, review these additional subunits before reading. This should help prepare you to attend to additional concepts presented.
Reading this chapter should take approximately 2 hours and 30 minutes.
Terms of Use: The text was adapted by The Saylor Foundation under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License without attribution as requested by the work's original creator or licensee.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Lecture: YouTube: New Jersey Institute of Technology: Dr. Naomi Rotter’s Organizational Behavior: “Conflict and Stress”
Link: YouTube: New Jersey Institute of Technology: Dr. Naomi Rotter’s Organizational Behavior: “Conflict and Stress” (YouTube)
Instructions: Watch this video.
Watching this lecture and pausing to take notes should take approximately 1 hour and 30 minutes.
Terms of Use: This video is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License. It is attributed to Naomi Rotter, and the original version may be found here.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Optional Mobile App: Glen Fletcher’s Conflict Resolution
Link: Glen Fletcher’s Conflict Resolution (iOS App)
Instructions: If choosing to use this app, you will first need to download it to your iPad or iPhone. Since this app is only available for iOS devices and has associated costs, its use in this course is optional. No quiz or exam questions will be derived from material within, but it is still a useful supplementary resource. Once downloaded, open the app and read all the material within the “Background” section covering aspects of conflicts, and “The Influence Model” section prescribing key tactics for conflict resolution. Once you have read those, test what you have learned by going through the questions in the “Training Ground” section.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Organizational Behavior: “Chapter 10: Conflict and Negotiations”
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5.1.1 Types and Phases of Conflict
Note: This topic is covered by the material under subunit 5.1. In particular, review the text below the heading “Types of Conflict” in chapter 10, section 2 of Organizational Behavior. Take approximately 15 minutes to review this material.
- Reading: Dr. Jaime Bochantin’s “Types and Phases of Conflict in the Workplace”
Link: Dr. Jaime Bochantin’s “Types and Phases of Conflict in the Workplace” (PPT)
Instructions: Review this presentation for a short definition of several types of organizational conflict as well as some of the factors that influence conflict in the workplace.
Reading this presentation should take approximately 30 minutes.
Terms of Use: The PowerPoint above is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License. It is attributed to Dr. Jaime Bochantin.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Dr. Jaime Bochantin’s “Types and Phases of Conflict in the Workplace”
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5.1.2 Conflict Is Good
- Reading: Administrative Sciences: Petru L. Cur?eu’s “Intra-group Conflict and Teamwork Quality: The Moderating Role of Leadership Styles”
Link: Administrative Sciences: Petru L. Cur?eu’s “Intra-group Conflict and Teamwork Quality: The Moderating Role of Leadership Styles” (PDF)
Instructions: Read this article to learn more about how different leadership styles result in different conflict management styles.
Reading this article should take approximately 45 minutes.
Terms of Use: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. It is attributed to Petru L. Cur?eu, and the original version may be found here.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Administrative Sciences: Petru L. Cur?eu’s “Intra-group Conflict and Teamwork Quality: The Moderating Role of Leadership Styles”
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5.1.3 Causes of Conflict
- Reading: Lt. Col. Russell Pierre, Jr. and Jerome G. Peppers, Jr.’s “Conflict in Organizations: Good or Bad?”
Link: Lt. Col. Russell Pierre, Jr. and Jerome G. Peppers, Jr.’s “Conflict in Organizations: Good or Bad?” (HTML)
Instructions: Read this detailed article on conflict in organizations. Note the authors’ focus on causes of conflict between the individual and the organization.
Reading this article should take approximately 2 hours.
Terms of Use: This material is in the public domain.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Lt. Col. Russell Pierre, Jr. and Jerome G. Peppers, Jr.’s “Conflict in Organizations: Good or Bad?”
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5.1.4 Managing Conflict
- Reading: Dr. Jaime Bochantin’s “Managing Conflict”
Link: Dr. Jaime Bochantin’s “Managing Conflict” (PPT)
Instructions: Review this presentation on managing conflict for a quick introduction on how conflict is handled in the workplace.
Reviewing this presentation should take approximately 30 minutes.
Terms of Use: The PowerPoint above is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License. It is attributed to Dr. Jaime Bochantin.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Wikipedia’s “Conflict Management”
Link: Wikipedia’s “Conflict Management” (HTML)
Instructions: Read this article for a through explanation of the concept of conflict and models of conflict management. The article provides an overview of conflict management in organizational settings as well as in interpersonal settings.
Reading this article should take approximately 30 minutes.
Terms of Use: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. It is attributed to Wikipedia, and the original version may be found here.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Dr. Jaime Bochantin’s “Managing Conflict”
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5.2 Negotiations
- Reading: Dr. Jaime Bochantin’s “Basics of Negotiation”
Link: Dr. Jaime Bochantin’s “Basics of Negotiation” (PPT)
Instructions: Review this presentation for an overview of negotiation. Note the distinction between target points and reservations points in a negotiation.
Reviewing this presentation should take approximately 30 minutes.
Terms of Use: This presentation is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License. It is attributed to Dr. Jaime Bochantin.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Wikipedia’s “Negotiation”
Link: Wikipedia’s “Negotiation” (PDF)
Instructions: Read this article for an overview of the concept of negotiation, including negotiation strategies and tactics.
Reading this article should take approximately 1 hour.
Terms of Use: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. It is attributed to Wikipedia, and the original version may be found here.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Lecture: Mac McCarthy’s “Managing Conflict”
Link: Mac McCarthy’s “Managing Conflict” (Flash)
Instructions: Download this archive. Once downloaded, extract the archive and open the “Index.htm” file to begin the presentation. In this presentation, you will learn about the nature of conflict as well as strategies and tactics for managing conflicts and negotiations.
Listening to this lecture and pausing to take notes should take approximately 30 minutes.
Terms of Use: This article is licensed under a Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License. It is attributed to Mac McCarthy, and the original version may be found here.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Dr. Jaime Bochantin’s “Basics of Negotiation”
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5.2.1 Phases of Negotiation
Note: This subunit is addressed in the material under subunit 5.2, “Negotiation.”
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5.2.1.1 Investigation
Note: This topic is covered by the material under subunit 5.1 and subunit 5.2.1. Take approximately 30 minutes to review this material.
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5.2.1.2 Determining Best Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement
Note: This topic is covered by the material under subunit 5.1 and subunit 5.2.1. Review the second phase of negotiation, determining the best alternative to a negotiated agreement.
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5.2.1.3 Presentation
Note: This topic is covered by the material under subunit 5.1 and subunit 5.2.1.
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5.2.1.4 Bargaining
Note: This topic is covered by the material under subunit 5.1 and subunit 5.2.1.
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5.2.1.5 Closure
Note: This topic is covered by the material under subunit 5.1 and subunit 5.2.1.
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5.2.2 Strategy and Planning
Note: This subunit is addressed by the material under subunit 5.2. Please review these assignments with a focus on strategies and planning.
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5.2.3 Third Party Intervention
- Web Media: YouTube: Donegal Mediation Network’s “What are the Principles of Mediation?”
Link: YouTube: Donegal Mediation Network’s “What are the Principles of Mediation?” (YouTube)
Instructions: Watch this short presentation about the principles of mediation.
Watching this video and pausing to take notes should take less than 15 minutes.
Terms of Use: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. It is attributed to the Donegal Mediation Network, and the original version may be found here.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Dr. Jaime Bochantin’s “Basics of Mediation and Manager as Mediator”
Link: Dr. Jaime Bochantin’s “Basics of Mediation and Manager as Mediator” (PPT)
Instructions: Review this presentation. Note the benefits of managers solving disputes in the workplace. What implications can this have for the organization as a whole?
Reviewing this presentation and answering the question above should take 30 minutes.
Terms of Use: This presentation is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License. It is attributed to Dr. Jaime Bochantin.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Web Media: YouTube: Donegal Mediation Network’s “What are the Principles of Mediation?”
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5.2.4 Honesty
Note: This topic is covered by the material under subunit 5.1. Review chapter 10, section 6 for the discussion of the value of honesty in negotiations. Take approximately 15 minutes to review this material.
- Reading: Dr. Jaime Bochantin’s “Ethics in Negotiations”
Link: Dr. Jaime Bochantin’s “Ethics in Negotiations” (PPT)
Instructions: Review this presentation.
Studying this presentation and taking notes should take 15 minutes.
Terms of Use: This presentation is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License. It is attributed to Dr. Jaime Bochantin.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Dr. Jaime Bochantin’s “Ethics in Negotiations”
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Unit 6: Managing Change
Change is a surprisingly difficult process for firms. When two large companies merge, it can take a couple of years to reorganize and many more years before the two respective cultures truly merge. This transition process can be especially challenging if the cultures are very different. For example, if a southern bank purchases a bank based in the northeast, the two different banking styles could wreak havoc within the organization, as the southern company may rely on customer service and slow growth, whereas the northern bank prefers an aggressive strategy. Such mergers happen regularly, and OB specialists are involved in the process from the start. In cases like this one, the structure of a firm’s management is just as important as its culture. Will the two banks continue to operate with a decentralized format, or will they have all of senior management in one location? What are the advantages and disadvantages of doing it one way or another? And of course, the most difficult aspect of managing change is implementing it in the first place. Humans are naturally resistant to change; making changes in an organization is no exception.
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Learning Outcomes show close
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6.1 Business Cultures
- Reading: Principles of Management: “Chapter 8: Organizational Culture”
Link: Principles of Management: “Chapter 8: Organizational Culture” (PDF)
Instructions: Read this chapter, which covers the topics outlined in subunits 6.1.1–6.1.4. To maximize your study time, review these additional subunits before completing the reading. This should help prepare you to attend to the additional concepts presented.
Reading this chapter should take approximately 2 hours.
Terms of Use: The text was adapted by The Saylor Foundation under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License without attribution as requested by the work's original creator or licensee.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Optional Mobile App: Joviant Technologies’s Principles of Management: “8.4. Creating Culture Change”
Link: Joviant Technologies’s Principles of Management: “8.4. Creating Culture Change” (iOS App)
Instructions: Open the app and read section 8.4, “Creating Culture Change.” Implementing cultural change is one of the most challenging assignments a manager might face. Many managers fail at it, but those who succeed may be assisted by the six steps detailed in this resource, including how to create a sense of urgency, change the reward system, and devise new symbols.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Principles of Management: “Chapter 8: Organizational Culture”
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6.1.1 Defining Culture in an Organization
- Reading: International Journal of Business and Management: Ezekiel Saasongu and Darius Ngutor Ikyanon’s “The Influence of Corporate Culture on Employee Commitment to the Organization”
Link: International Journal of Business and Management: Ezekiel Saasongu and Darius Ngutor Ikyanon’s “The Influence of Corporate Culture on Employee Commitment to the Organization” (PDF)
Instructions: Read this article, which defines culture in organizations and its influence on employee commitment.
Reading this article should take approximately 30 minutes.
Terms of Use: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. It is attributed to Ezekiel Saasongu Nongo and Darius Ngutor Ikyanyon, and the original version may be found here.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Laura K. Hahn, Lance Lippert, and Scott T. Paynton’s Survey of Communication Study: “Organizational Communication”
Link: Laura K. Hahn, Lance Lippert, and Scott T. Paynton’s Survey of Communication Study: “Organizational Communication” (PDF)
Instructions: Read this chapter on organizational communication and communication research. Notice in section 11.7.5, “Cultural Perspective,” the authors describe key elements of organizational culture. These elements have a direct influence on employee behavior, commitment, and an organization’s success.
Reading this chapter should take approximately 1 hour.
Terms of Use: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. It is attributed to Laura K. Hahn, Lance Lippert, and Scott T. Paynton, and the original version may be found here.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: International Journal of Business and Management: Ezekiel Saasongu and Darius Ngutor Ikyanon’s “The Influence of Corporate Culture on Employee Commitment to the Organization”
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6.1.2 Managing Culture
Note: This topic is covered by the material under subunit 6.1. Review chapter 8, section 4 for the discussion of creating and maintaining organizational cultures. Take approximately 15 minutes to review this material.
- Lecture: YouTube: TEDxTalks: Catherine Courage’s “Igniting Creativity to Transform Corporate Culture”
Link: YouTube: TEDxTalks: Catherine Courage’s “Igniting Creativity to Transform Corporate Culture” (YouTube)
Instructions: After reading the assignment in the previous subunit, watch this TEDxTalk by Catherine Courage for some examples regarding the impact of corporate culture on managing organizations and innovation.
Watching this lecture and pausing to take notes should take approximately 30 minutes.
Terms of Use: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. It is attributed to Catherine Courage, and the original version may be found here.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Organizational Behavior: “Chapter 2: Managing Demographic and Cultural Diversity”
Link: Organizational Behavior: “Chapter 2: Managing Demographic and Cultural Diversity” (PDF)
Instructions: Read this chapter, which discusses the challenges of managing a diverse workforce and how to address multi-cultural issues.
Reading this chapter should take approximately 1 hour and 30 minutes.
Terms of Use: The text was adapted by The Saylor Foundation under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License without attribution as requested by the work's original creator or licensee.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Lecture: YouTube: New Jersey Institute of Technology: Dr. Naomi Rotter’s Organizational Behavior: “Organizational Culture and Environment”
Link: YouTube: New Jersey Institute of Technology: Dr. Naomi Rotter’s Organizational Behavior: “Organizational Culture and Environment” (YouTube)
Instructions: Watch this video.
Watching this video and pausing to take notes should take approximately 1 hour and 30 minutes.
Terms of Use: This video is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License. It is attributed to Naomi Rotter, and the original version may be found here.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Lecture: YouTube: TEDxTalks: Catherine Courage’s “Igniting Creativity to Transform Corporate Culture”
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6.1.3 Managing Multiple Cultures
Note: This topic is covered by the material under subunit 6.1. Review chapter 8, section 3 for the discussion of the existence and management of multiple cultures within a single organization. Take approximately 15 minutes to review this material.
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6.2 Corporate Structure
- Reading: Principles of Management: “Chapter 7: Organizational Structure and Change”
Link: Principles of Management: “Chapter 7: Organizational Structure and Change” (PDF)
Instructions: Read sections 1 and 2 of of this chapter.
Reading these sections should take approximately 30 minutes.
Terms of Use: The text was adapted by The Saylor Foundation under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License without attribution as requested by the work's original creator or licensee.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Lecture: YouTube: New Jersey Institute of Technology: Dr. Naomi Rotter’s Organizational Behavior: “Organizational Structure”
Link: YouTube: New Jersey Institute of Technology: Dr. Naomi Rotter’s Organizational Behavior: “Organizational Structure” (YouTube)
Instructions: Watch this video, which covers this entire subunit, including subunits 6.2.1 through 6.2.4. To maximize your study time, review these additional subunits before watching the lecture. This should help prepare you to attend to the additional concepts presented.
Watching this lecture and pausing to take notes should take approximately 1 hour and 30 minutes.
Terms of Use: This video is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License. It is attributed to Naomi Rotter, and the original version may be found here.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Principles of Management: “Chapter 7: Organizational Structure and Change”
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6.2.1 Centralized
Note: This topic is covered by the lecture assigned under subunit 6.2. Listen for Dr. Rotter’s commentary on centralized organizational structures.
- Reading: Néstor Miranda Carús’ “Organizational Design”
Link: Néstor Miranda Carús’ “Organizational Design” (PDF)
Instructions: Read this module about organizational design. This material will also address subunit 6.2.2.
Reading this document should take approximately 30 minutes.
Terms of Use: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. It is attributed to Néstor Miranda Carús, and the original version may be found here.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Néstor Miranda Carús’ “Organizational Design”
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6.2.2 Hierarchy
Note: This topic is covered by the material under subunit 6.2 and subunit 6.2.1.
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6.2.3 Departments and Lines of Business
Note: This topic is also covered by the material under subunit 6.2.
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6.2.4 Modern Structures
Note: This topic is also covered by the material under subunit 6.2 and subunit 6.2.1.
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6.3 Changing the Organization
- Lecture: YouTube: New Jersey Institute of Technology: Dr. Naomi Rotter’s Organizational Behavior: “Organizational Change”
Link: YouTube: New Jersey Institute of Technology: Dr. Naomi Rotter’s Organizational Behavior: “Organizational Change” (YouTube)
Instructions: Watch this lecture, which also covers the topics outlined in subunits 6.3.1 through 6.3.3.
Watching this lecture and pausing to take notes should take approximately 1 hour and 30 minutes.
Terms of Use: This video is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License. It is attributed to Naomi Rotter, and the original version may be found here.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Principles of Management: “Chapter 7: Organizational Structure and Change”
Links: Principles of Management: “Chapter 7: Organizational Structure and Change” (PDF)
Instructions: You have already read sections 1 and 2 of chapter 7 of Principles of Management in subunit 6.2. Here, read sections 3–5. Note that this chapter covers the topics outlined in subunits 6.3.1–6.3.3. To maximize your study time, review these additional subunits before completing the reading. This should help prepare you to attend to the additional concepts presented.
Reading this chapter should take approximately 45 minutes.
Terms of Use: The text was adapted by The Saylor Foundation under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License without attribution as requested by the work's original creator or licensee.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: BusinessBalls.com’s “Change Management: Organizational and Personal Change Management, Process, Plans, Change Management and Business Development Tips”
Links: BusinessBalls.com’s “Change Management: Organizational and Personal Change Management, Process, Plans, Change Management and Business Development Tips” (HTML)
Instructions: This article outlines a series of principles for successful change management. Please note that this article covers the topics outlined in subunits 6.3.1–6.3.3. To maximize your study time, review these additional subunits before completing the reading. This should help prepare you to attend to the additional concepts presented.
Reading this article should take approximately 45 minutes.
Terms of Use: The text has been reproduced under the policies laid out by Alan Chapman and can be viewed in its original form here. Please note that this material is under copyright and cannot be reproduced in any capacity without the explicit permission from the copyright holder.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Lecture: YouTube: New Jersey Institute of Technology: Dr. Naomi Rotter’s Organizational Behavior: “Organizational Change”
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6.3.1 Why Change Organizations?
Note: This topic is covered by readings assigned under subunit 6.3. Review Chapter 7, Section 4 for the discussion of reasons for organizational change. Take approximately 15 minutes to review this material. Note that this review will also cover the topic outlined in subunit 6.3.2.
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6.3.2 Resistance to Change
Note: This topic is covered by readings assigned under subunit 6.3. Review Chapter 7, Section 4 for the discussion of reasons for resistance to change in organizations.
- Reading: EzineArticles.com: Gayla Hodges’ “The Three Greatest Barriers to Organizational Change”
Link: EzineArticles.com: Gayla Hodges’ “The Three Greatest Barriers to Organizational Change” (PDF)
Instructions: Read this brief article for an explanation of three common obstacles to timely organizational change.
Reading this article should take approximately 15 minutes.
Terms of Use: This resource has been reposted under the policies laid out by EZineArticles and Gayla Hodges and can be viewed in its original form here. Please note that this material is under copyright and cannot be reproduced in any capacity without the explicit permission from the copyright holder.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: EzineArticles.com: Gayla Hodges’ “The Three Greatest Barriers to Organizational Change”
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6.3.3 Planning and Executing Change
Note: This topic is covered by material under subunit 6.3 and subunit 6.3.2. Review Chapter 7, Section 5 for the discussion of planning and executing organizational change.
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6.4 The Changing Landscape of Organizations
- Reading: Dr. Jaime Bochantin’s “The Changing Landscape of Organizations”
Link: Dr. Jaime Bochantin’s “The Changing Landscape of Organizations” (PPT)
Instructions: Please review this presentation to learn about the latest trends in OB research.
Reviewing this presentation should take approximately 45 minutes.
Terms of Use: The PowerPoint above is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License. It is attributed to Dr. Jaime Bochantin.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Dr. Jaime Bochantin’s “Generational Differences Grid”
Link: Dr. Jaime Bochantin’s “Generational Differences Grid” (PPT)
Instructions: Review this chart, which provides a quick reference regarding the differences among the various generations in today’s workforce.
Reviewing this chart should take approximately 30 minutes.
Terms of Use: This material is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License. It is attributed to Dr. Jaime Bochantin.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Lynne Green, Samantha Heather, Lane McKittrick, Adrian Naranjo, and Christy Ward’s “Understanding the Multiple Generations in the Workplace”
Link: Lynne Green, Samantha Heather, Lane McKittrick, Adrian Naranjo, and Christy Ward’s “Understanding the Multiple Generations in the Workplace” (HTML)
Instructions: Read this article to understand the challenges of working and managing multiple generations in the workplace.
Reading this article should take approximately 30 minutes.
Terms of Use: This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. It is attributed to Lynne Green, Samantha Heather, Lane McKittrick, Adrian Naranjo, and Christy Ward, and the original version may be found here.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Dr. Jaime Bochantin’s “The Changing Landscape of Organizations”
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Final Exam
- Final Exam: The Saylor Foundation’s “BUS209 Final Exam”
Link: The Saylor Foundation’s “BUS209 Final Exam”
Instructions: You must be logged into your Saylor Foundation School account in order to access this exam. If you do not yet have an account, you will be able to create one, free of charge, after clicking the link.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Final Exam: The Saylor Foundation’s “BUS209 Final Exam”
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