Intermediate Microeconomics
Purpose of Course showclose
Course Information showclose
Welcome to ECON201: Intermediate Microeconomics! This class presents a rigorous framework for developing economic analysis. The material is challenging and relies heavily upon quantitative skills. The course utilizes calculus to explain basic underpinnings of economic theory. While some of the concepts are similar to the introductory microeconomics course, the material in this class develops more complex relationships and requires greater synthesis of abstract ideas.
For many economics majors, Intermediate Microeconomics is their first exposure to using multivariate calculus as an applied tool; however, remember to explore theory and policy applications. An economist must be able to effectively compare varying economic scenarios and offer practical solutions. Remember that economics is both a business discipline and a social science subject.
Below, please find general information on this course and its requirements.
Course Designer: Tony Pizur, Ph.D.
Primary Resources: This course is comprised of a range of different free, online materials. However, the course makes primary use of the following materials:
- Introduction to Economic Analysis is the main text used in the course.
- Lectures from Duke, Berkeley, and Yale complement the main text.
Requirements for Completion: In order to complete this course, you will need to work through each unit and all of its assigned materials. Listen to each of the lectures and read each of the assigned chapters from the text. Problem sets will be offered in each unit to help you complete the final exam, which consists of 50 multiple choice questions.
Note that you will only receive an official grade on your final exam. However, in order to adequately prepare for this exam, you will need to work through the quizzes and problem sets listed above. In order to “pass” this course, you will need to earn a 70% or higher on the Final Exam. Your score on the exam will be tabulated as soon as you complete it. If you do not pass the exam, you may take it again.
Time Commitment: This course should take you a total of 87 hours to complete. This is a conservative estimate. Each unit includes a “time advisory” that lists the amount of time you are expected to spend on each subunit. These should help you plan your time accordingly. The required time to complete the course depends greatly on your proficiency in multi-variable calculus. Those students with a stronger quantitative background should find that information is presented in a straightforward fashion and that each unit should take approximately the listed time advisory to complete. Those students needing to further develop their calculus skills may take considerably longer to complete the course; it is possible to ponder a single equation for some time. It may be useful to take a look at these time advisories and to determine how much time you have over the next few weeks to complete each unit and then to set goals for yourself based upon your proficiency with calculus. For example, Unit 1 should take you about 17 hours to complete. Perhaps you can sit down with your calendar and decide to complete subunit 1.1 (a total of 3 hours) on Monday, subunit 1.2 (a total of 4 hours) on both Tuesday and Wednesday, etc.
Tips/Suggestions: As noted in the “Course Requirements,” multi-variable calculus is a pre-requisite for this course. If you are struggling with the mathematics as you progress through this course, consider taking a break to revisit MA103, focusing especially on optimization techniques. Do not get discouraged if some of the equations look daunting; try to break them down and understand what they mean in terms of theory or applications. After a set time, perhaps 15 minutes, set any puzzling material aside and return to it later with a fresh perspective.
Many of the assumptions in the models are somewhat unrealistic on first inspection. For example, certain functions are used more for their differentiability rather than for their ability to describe real-world phenomena. As you progress in economics, these assumptions can be relaxed to build models which better approximate the actual environment.
Learning Outcomes showclose
- Explain the standard theory in microeconomics at an intermediate level.
- Explain and use the basic tools of microeconomic theory, and apply them to help address problems in public policy.
- Analyze the role of markets in allocating scarce resources.
- Explain both competitive markets, for which basic models of supply and demand are most appropriate, and markets in which agents act strategically, for which game theory is the more appropriate tool.
- Synthesize the impact of government intervention in the market.
- Develop quantitative skills in doing economic cost and consumer analysis using calculus.
- Compare and contrast arguments concerning business and politics, and make good conjectures regarding the possible solutions.
- Analyze the economic behavior of individuals and firms, and explore how they respond to changes in the opportunities and constraints that they face and how they interact in markets.
- Apply basic tools that are used in many fields of economics, including household economics, labor economics, production theory, international economics, natural resource economics, public finance, and capital markets.
Course Requirements showclose
√ Have access to a computer.
√ Have continuous broadband internet access.
√ Have the ability/permission to install plug-ins or software (e.g. Adobe Reader or Flash).
√ Have the ability to download and save files and documents to a computer.
√ Have the ability to open Microsoft files and documents (e.g. .doc, .ppt, .xls, etc.).
√ Be competent in the English language.
√ Have completed the following courses from “The Core Program” of the Economics discipline: ECON101: Principles of Microeconomics; ECON102: Principles of Macroeconomics; ECON103/MA101: Single-Variable Calculus I; MA102: Single-Variable Calculus II; MA103: Multi-Variable Calculus; ECON104/MA121: Introduction to Statistics.
Preliminary Information
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Introduction to Economic Analysis
You will be prompted to read sections of this book throughout the course. You may choose to download the text in full now and skip to the appropriate section as prompted by the resource boxes below, or you can simply download the specific sections of the text assigned as you progress through each resource box below.
Reading: Introduction to Economic Analysis (PDF)
Terms of Use: The text was adapted by The Saylor Foundation under a CreativeCommons-Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License without attribution as requested by the work's original creator or licensee. -
Unit 1: Introduction and Basic Concepts
This unit provides an overview of basic economic concepts. We begin with a definition of economics and then move to apply its basic tools of analysis. Next, supply and demand is considered from a theoretical standpoint and then is quantified. The unit closes with a discussion of government intervention and how it affects the market.
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As you work through this unit, consider the economic objectives of individuals, firms, and the government. Think about how the three interact in a shared economic space. Remember to maintain an objective viewpoint about all economic analysis and reflect on the quantitative methods developed to support economic theory.
Learning Outcomes show close
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1.1 Definition of Economics
- Reading: Introduction to Economic Analysis: “Chapter 1: What Is Economics?”
Link: Introduction to Economic Analysis: “Chapter 1: What Is Economics?” (PDF)
Instructions: When you click on the link above, you will be directed to Introduction to Economic Analysis: “Chapter 1: What Is Economics?” Please read all three sections of this chapter. Think about how economists frame their analysis and the kinds of tools they use. Consider how opportunity cost and a cost-benefit analysis relate to each other.
Terms of Use: The text was adapted by The Saylor Foundation under a CreativeCommons-Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License without attribution as requested by the work's original creator or licensee.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Lecture: iTunes U: Duke University’s Department of Political Science: Mike Munger’s “Ticket Scalping and Opportunity Cost”
Link: iTunes U: Duke University’s Department of Political Science: Mike Munger’s “Ticket Scalping and Opportunity Cost” (iTunes)
Instructions: Click on the “View in iTunes” hyperlink for item 2, titled “Ticket Scalping and Opportunity Cost.” Listen to the entire lecture (30 minutes).
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Introduction to Economic Analysis: “Chapter 1: What Is Economics?”
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1.2 Supply and Demand
- Reading: Introduction to Economic Analysis: “Chapter 2: Supply and Demand”
Link: Introduction to Economic Analysis: “Chapter 2: Supply and Demand” (PDF)
Instructions: Please read all five sections of this chapter. Think about how a change in demand or supply is different from a change in quantity demanded or supplied.
Terms of Use: The text was adapted by The Saylor Foundation under a CreativeCommons-Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License without attribution as requested by the work's original creator or licensee.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Lecture: iTunes U: University of California, Berkeley’s Department of Economics: Glenn Woroch’s “Lecture 1” and “Lecture 2”
Link: iTunes U: University of California, Berkeley’s Department of Economics: Glenn Woroch’s “Lecture 1” and “Lecture 2” (iTunes)
Instructions: Click on the “View in iTunes” hyperlink for “Lecture 1” and “Lecture 2.” Listen to the entire two lectures (160 minutes).
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Introduction to Economic Analysis: “Chapter 2: Supply and Demand”
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1.3 Elasticity
- Reading: Introduction to Economic Analysis: “Chapter 3: Quantification”
Link: Introduction to Economic Analysis: “Chapter 3: Quantification” (PDF)
Instructions: Please read the two sections of this chapter in their entirety. Consider how elasticity is applied by business economists and its usefulness as a practical economic tool.
Terms of Use: The text was adapted by The Saylor Foundation under a CreativeCommons-Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License without attribution as requested by the work's original creator or licensee.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Lecture: iTunes U: Harrisburg Area Community College: Amanda Kohler’s “Chapter 6 Parts I-V”
Link: iTunes U: Harrisburg Area Community College: Amanda Kohler’s “Chapter 6 Parts I-V” (iTunes)
Instructions: Click on the “View in iTunes” hyperlink for the following lectures: “Chapter 6 Part I: Price Elasticity of Demand” (20 min), “Chapter 6 Part II: Elasticity of Supply” (5 min), “Chapter 6 Part III: Cross Elasticity and Income Elasticity of Demand” (5 min), “Chapter 6 Part IV: Consumer and Producer Surplus and Efficiency” (3 min), and “Chapter 6 Part V: Elasticity and Pricing Power” (2 min). View each of these lectures in their entirety.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Introduction to Economic Analysis: “Chapter 3: Quantification”
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1.4 Government and the Market
- Reading: Introduction to Economic Analysis: “Chapter 5: Government Interventions”
Link: Introduction to Economic Analysis: “Chapter 5: Government Interventions” (PDF)
Instructions: Please read all seven sections of this chapter. Ponder who wins and losses when a tax law is adjusted. How might special interest groups influence tax laws?
Terms of Use: The text was adapted by The Saylor Foundation under a CreativeCommons-Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License without attribution as requested by the work's original creator or licensee.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Lecture: iTunes U: University of California, Berkeley’s Department of Economics: Glenn Woroch’s “Lecture 15”
Link: iTunes U: University of California, Berkeley’s Department of Economics: Glenn Woroch’s “Lecture 15” (iTunes)
Instructions: Click on the “View in iTunes” hyperlink for “Lecture 15.” Listen to the entire lecture (80 minutes).
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Assessment: The Saylor Foundation’s “ECON201 Problem Sets”
Link: The Saylor Foundation’s “ECON201 Problem Sets” (PDF)
Instructions: Please click on the link above to download the assessment. Work on the questions in the problem set for Unit 1.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Web Media: YouTube: ProfArvan: “The Effect of a Tax”
Link: YouTube: ProfArvan: “The Effect of a Tax” (YouTube)
Instructions: Listen to the entire presentation (3:57). The associated spreadsheet for this video is the 2nd one in the workbook you can download here. You should explore the various changes caused by taxation and its effect on elasticity.
Terms of Use: The video above is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial License 3.0 (HTML). It is attributed to ProfArvan and the original version can be found here (YouTube).See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Introduction to Economic Analysis: “Chapter 5: Government Interventions”
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Unit 2: Trade and Externalities
Trade theory forms part of the bedrock of economic analysis. The concept of specialization is key to understanding how to maximize an individual’s or country’s wellbeing. Skills, resources, and knowledge are unequally distributed; it is the relative differences which drive trade.
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The free market is not always the optimal way to allocate scarce goods and resources. Actions and choices can have unintended effects which can harm or benefit others. How to best manage these effects, known as externalities, depends on the specifics of each problem. Economists have a variety of tools to redress misallocation.
Public goods are a unique consideration, because they are a common resource which cannot be assessed an individual economic cost. Without proper management, public goods may be over-consumed and lead to degradation of resources. Geography pays an important part in public good analysis.
Learning Outcomes show close
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2.1 Trade
- Reading: Introduction to Economic Analysis: “Chapter 6: Trade”
Link: Introduction to Economic Analysis: “Chapter 6: Trade” (PDF)
Instructions: Please read all four sections of this chapter. Consider how a production possibilities curve relates to specialization and its role in calculating comparative and absolute advantage.
Terms of Use: The text was adapted by The Saylor Foundation under a CreativeCommons-Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License without attribution as requested by the work's original creator or licensee.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Lecture: iTunes U: Rothbard Graduate Seminar: Peter G. Klein’s “Production: General Pricing of the Factors”
Link: iTunes U: Rothbard Graduate Seminar: Peter G. Klein’s “Production: General Pricing of the Factors” (iTunes)
Instructions: Click on the “View in iTunes” hyperlink for item 13, titled “Production: General Pricing of the Factors.” Listen to the entire lecture (84 minutes).
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Web Media: YouTube: ProfArvan: “Production Possibilities”
Link: YouTube: ProfArvan: “Production Possibilities” (YouTube)
Instructions: Review this entire presentation (3:57). Consider the role of the production possibilities curve as a defining frontier.
Terms of Use: The video above is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial License 3.0 (HTML). It is attributed to ProfArvan and the original version can be found here (YouTube).See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Introduction to Economic Analysis: “Chapter 6: Trade”
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2.2 Externalities
- Reading: Introduction to Economic Analysis: “Chapter 7: Externalities”
Link: Introduction to Economic Analysis: “Chapter 7: Externalities” (PDF)
Instructions: Please read all six sections of this chapter. Compare the role of individuals and society in maximization problems. When can a case be made to intervene in a market?
Terms of Use: The text was adapted by The Saylor Foundation under a CreativeCommons-Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License without attribution as requested by the work's original creator or licensee.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Lecture: iTunes U: University of California, Berkeley’s Department of Economics: Glenn Woroch’s “Lecture 24”
Link: iTunes U: University of California, Berkeley’s Department of Economics: Glenn Woroch’s “Lecture 24” (iTunes)
Instructions: Click on the “View in iTunes” hyperlink for “Lecture 24.” Listen to the entire lecture (80 minutes).
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Introduction to Economic Analysis: “Chapter 7: Externalities”
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2.3 Public Goods
- Reading: Introduction to Economic Analysis: “Chapter 8: Public Goods”
Link: Introduction to Economic Analysis: “Chapter 8: Public Goods” (PDF)
Instructions: Please read all three sections of this chapter. Think about the nature of public goods and non-excludability. Consider the role of geographic proximity to public good problems.
Terms of Use: The text was adapted by The Saylor Foundation under a CreativeCommons-Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License without attribution as requested by the work's original creator or licensee.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Lecture: iTunes U: University of California, Berkeley’s Department of Economics: Glenn Woroch’s “Lecture 25”
Link: iTunes U: University of California, Berkeley’s Department of Economics: Glenn Woroch’s “Lecture 25” (iTunes)
Instructions: Click on the “View in iTunes” hyperlink for “Lecture 25.” Listen to the entire lecture (80 minutes).
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Assessment: The Saylor Foundation’s “ECON201 Problem Sets”
Link: The Saylor Foundation’s “ECON201 Problem Sets” (PDF)
Instructions: Please click on the link above to download the assessment. Work on the questions in the problem set for Unit 2.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Introduction to Economic Analysis: “Chapter 8: Public Goods”
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Unit 3: Producer Theory and Investment
Every firm faces one primary constraint: a budget. The balance between costs and revenues will determine a firm’s profit. Firms will seek to minimize costs; this implies that they are a profit maximizer. Every firm also has long and short run decisions. Remember that short run decisions allow for changing one of the factors of production, usually labor. Long run analysis is far more complex, because multiple factors of production are adjustable.
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Economic and market conditions change over time. A firm must carefully weigh expected changes in the future when making decisions today. Risk can vary over time and can be anticipated and insured against. Uncertainty is more difficult to model and can significantly change the overall environment.
Learning Outcomes show close
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3.1 Costs
- Reading: Introduction to Economic Analysis: “Chapter 9: Producer Theory: Costs”
Link: Introduction to Economic Analysis: “Chapter 9: Producer Theory: Costs” (PDF)
Instructions: Please read all six sections of this chapter. Think about how constraints on a firm circumscribe its options. Consider the role of shadow values as these constraints are relaxed.
Terms of Use: The text was adapted by The Saylor Foundation under a CreativeCommons-Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License without attribution as requested by the work's original creator or licensee.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Lecture: iTunes U: University of California, Berkeley’s Department of Economics: Glenn Woroch’s “Lecture 9”
Link: iTunes U: University of California, Berkeley’s Department of Economics: Glenn Woroch’s “Lecture 9” (iTunes)
Instructions: Click on the “View in iTunes” hyperlink for “Lecture 9.” Listen to the entire lecture (80 minutes).
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Web Media: YouTube: ProfArvan: “Profit Max Single Variable Part 1,” “Profit Max Single Variable Part 2,” “Profit Max Single Variable Part 3,” “Profit Max Single Variable Part 4,” and “Profit Max Single Variable Part 5”
Link: YouTube: ProfArvan: “Profit Max Single Variable Part 1,” “Profit Max Single Variable Part 2,” “Profit Max Single Variable Part 3,” “Profit Max Single Variable Part 4,” “Profit Max Single Variable Part 5” (YouTube)
Instructions: Listen to each presentation (4:42, 4:14, 4:27, 3:59, and 3:51 respectively) and follow along as profit maximization is considered from various perspectives.
Terms of Use: The videos above are released under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial License 3.0 (HTML). It is attributed to ProfArvan and the original version can be found here (YouTube).See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Introduction to Economic Analysis: “Chapter 9: Producer Theory: Costs”
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3.2 Dynamics
- Reading: Introduction to Economic Analysis: “Chapter 10: Producer Theory: Dynamics”
Link: Introduction to Economic Analysis: “Chapter 10: Producer Theory: Dynamics” (PDF)
Instructions: Please read all four sections of this chapter. Think about how costs vary with economies of scale of scope. What role does technology play?
Terms of Use: The text was adapted by The Saylor Foundation under a CreativeCommons-Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License without attribution as requested by the work's original creator or licensee.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Lecture: iTunes U: University of California, Berkeley’s Department of Economics: Glenn Woroch’s “Lecture 8”
Link: iTunes U: University of California, Berkeley’s Department of Economics: Glenn Woroch’s “Lecture 8” (iTunes)
Instructions: Click on the “View in iTunes” hyperlink for “Lecture 8.” Listen to the entire lecture (80 minutes).
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Introduction to Economic Analysis: “Chapter 10: Producer Theory: Dynamics”
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3.3 Investment
- Reading: Introduction to Economic Analysis: “Chapter 11: Investment”
Link: Introduction to Economic Analysis: “Chapter 11: Investment” (PDF)
Instructions: Please read all seven sections of this chapter. Ponder the recent financial market meltdown and the role of uncertainty in investment. What role does the government play in uncertainty and risk?
Terms of Use: The text was adapted by The Saylor Foundation under a CreativeCommons-Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License without attribution as requested by the work's original creator or licensee.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Lecture: iTunes U: Yale University: John Geanakoplos’ “Present Value Prices and the Real Interest Rate”
Link: iTunes U: Yale University: John Geanakoplos’ “Present Value Prices and the Real Interest Rate” (iTunes)
Instructions: Click on the “View in iTunes” hyperlink for item 5, titled “Present Value Prices and the Real Interest Rate.” Listen to the entire lecture (75 minutes).
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Assessment: The Saylor Foundation’s “ECON201 Problem Sets”
Link: The Saylor Foundation’s “ECON201 Problem Sets” (PDF)
Instructions: Please click on the link above to download the assessment. Work on the questions in the problem set for Unit 3.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Introduction to Economic Analysis: “Chapter 11: Investment”
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Unit 4: Consumer Theory and Equilibrium
This unit addresses the other main agent in microeconomics—the individual consumer. Similar to firms, individuals face constraints in the form of a budget. Time, available resources, and options are not static and make individual economic analysis challenging. Individuals also have unique preferences, and there is no one direct path to utility maximization.
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Microeconomists make a number of underlying assumptions about consumer behavior and choices to construct mathematically elegant models. As each of the assumptions is relaxed, a more realistic paradigm of individual behavior emerges. When learning an economic model, first accept the assumptions and then consider how they might be modified.
General equilibrium brings together the problems of the firm and the individual. Equilibrium answers the questions at what price and quantity will consumers and firms make exchanges. Of note, an equilibrium may not always exist; alternative allocation mechanisms can be considered.
Learning Outcomes show close
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4.1 Consumer Theory
- Reading: Introduction to Economic Analysis: “Chapter 12: Consumer Theory”
Link: Introduction to Economic Analysis: “Chapter 12: Consumer Theory” (PDF)
Instructions: Please read all seven sections of this chapter. Consider the role of utility, the flow of happiness over time. Do individuals truly maximize their happiness relative to a budget?
Terms of Use: The text was adapted by The Saylor Foundation under a CreativeCommons-Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License without attribution as requested by the work's original creator or licensee.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Lecture: iTunes U: University of California, Berkeley’s Department of Economics: Glenn Woroch’s “Lecture 3” and “Lecture 5”
Link: iTunes U: University of California, Berkeley’s Department of Economics: Glenn Woroch’s “Lecture 3” and “Lecture 5” (iTunes)
Instructions: Click on the “View in iTunes” hyperlink for “Lecture 3” and “Lecture 5.” Listen to the entire two lectures (160 minutes).
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Web Media: YouTube: ProfArvan: “Income and Substitution Effects”
Link: YouTube: ProfArvan: “Income and Substitution Effects” (YouTube)
Instructions: Listen to the entire presentation (3:06). The associated spreadsheet for this video is the 4th one in the workbook you can download here. You should explore the various changes caused by the income and substitution effects.
Terms of Use: The video above is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial License 3.0 (HTML). It is attributed to ProfArvan and the original version can be found here (YouTube).See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Web Media: YouTube: ProfArvan: “Expected Utility Hypothesis”
Link: YouTube: ProfArvan: “Expected Utility Hypothesis” (YouTube)
Instructions: Please listen to the entire presentation (4:00).
Terms of Use: The video above is released under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial License 3.0 (HTML). It is attributed to ProfArvan and the original version can be found here (YouTube).See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Introduction to Economic Analysis: “Chapter 12: Consumer Theory”
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4.2 Applied Consumer Theory
- Reading: Introduction to Economic Analysis: “Chapter 13: Applied Consumer Theory”
Link: Introduction to Economic Analysis: “Chapter 13: Applied Consumer Theory” (PDF)
Instructions: Please read all five sections of this chapter. Reflect on how environments change and how individuals adapt to evolving circumstances. How do consumers adapt as they learn new information?
Terms of Use: The text was adapted by The Saylor Foundation under a CreativeCommons-Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License without attribution as requested by the work's original creator or licensee.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Lecture: iTunes U: University of California, Berkeley’s Department of Economics: Glenn Woroch’s “Lecture 4”
Link: iTunes U: University of California, Berkeley’s Department of Economics: Glenn Woroch’s “Lecture 4” (iTunes)
Instructions: Click on the “View in iTunes” hyperlink for “Lecture 4.” Listen to the entire lecture (80 minutes).
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Introduction to Economic Analysis: “Chapter 13: Applied Consumer Theory”
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4.3 Equilibrium
- Reading: Introduction to Economic Analysis: “Chapter 14: General Equilibrium”
Link: Introduction to Economic Analysis: “Chapter 14: General Equilibrium” (PDF)
Instructions: Please read all three sections of this chapter. Consider a zero-sum game. Is it always true that to make one person better off another must be made worse off?
Terms of Use: The text was adapted by The Saylor Foundation under a CreativeCommons-Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License without attribution as requested by the work's original creator or licensee.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Lecture: iTunes U: University of California, Berkeley’s Department of Economics: Glenn Woroch’s “Lecture 14”
Link: iTunes U: University of California, Berkeley’s Department of Economics: Glenn Woroch’s “Lecture 14” (iTunes)
Instructions: Click on the “View in iTunes” hyperlink for “Lecture 14.” Listen to the entire lecture (80 minutes).
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Assessment: The Saylor Foundation’s “ECON201 Problem Sets”
Link: The Saylor Foundation’s “ECON201 Problem Sets” (PDF)
Instructions: Please click on the link above to download the assessment. Work on the questions in the problem set for Unit 4.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Introduction to Economic Analysis: “Chapter 14: General Equilibrium”
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Unit 5: Competition
Economists organize firms into various categories known as market structures. A monopoly is a single firm in an industry which, even in the absence of competition, still needs consumer demand to reach equilibrium. Unregulated monopolies are not efficient and charge higher prices than in a competitive market structure.
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Oligopolies have only a handful of firms in an industry and may either cooperate or compete. Cooperative oligopolies can work together to charge higher prices and limit choices. Competitive oligopolies have lower prices and offer more, although limited, choices. The choice to cooperate or compete can be described using game theory, which is a set of rules and assumptions about how firms make choices.
Knowledge is power. Information is not equally and perfectly distributed to all economic agents. Firms and individuals must make choices with the limited amount of data and information available. Asymmetrical information can lead to unequal and inefficient outcomes.
Learning Outcomes show close
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5.1 Monopoly
- Reading: Introduction to Economic Analysis: “Chapter 15: Monopoly”
Link: Introduction to Economic Analysis: “Chapter 15: Monopoly” (PDF)
Instructions: Please read all seven sections of this chapter. Consider which monopolies exist in your local area. Recall that a monopoly has 100% of a market. What role, if any, does regulation play?
Terms of Use: The text was adapted by The Saylor Foundation under a CreativeCommons-Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License without attribution as requested by the work's original creator or licensee.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Lecture: iTunes U: University of California, Berkeley’s Department of Economics: Glenn Woroch’s “Lecture 17”
Link: iTunes U: University of California, Berkeley’s Department of Economics: Glenn Woroch’s “Lecture 17” (iTunes)
Instructions: Click on the “View in iTunes” hyperlink for “Lecture 17.” Listen to the entire lecture (80 minutes).
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Web Media: YouTube: ProfArvan: “Monopoly Pricing” and “Allocating Surplus: Monopoly”
Link: YouTube: ProfArvan: “Monopoly Pricing” and “Allocating Surplus: Monopoly” (YouTube)
Instructions: Please listen to both presentations (2:44 and 1:41, respectively). Consider the role of “Deadweight Loss” and how it affects society.
Terms of Use: The videos above are released under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial License 3.0 (HTML). It is attributed to ProfArvan and the original version can be found here (YouTube).See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Introduction to Economic Analysis: “Chapter 15: Monopoly”
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5.2 Game Theory
- Reading: Introduction to Economic Analysis: “Chapter 16: Games Strategic Behavior”
Link: Introduction to Economic Analysis: “Chapter 16: Games Strategic Behavior” (PDF)
Instructions: Please read all six sections of this chapter. Ponder the basic decision to cooperate or compete in a game. What broader implications does this have for business economists?
Terms of Use: The text was adapted by The Saylor Foundation under a CreativeCommons-Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License without attribution as requested by the work's original creator or licensee.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Lecture: iTunes U: University of California, Berkeley’s Department of Economics: Glenn Woroch’s “Lecture 23”
Link: iTunes U: University of California, Berkeley’s Department of Economics: Glenn Woroch’s “Lecture 23” (iTunes)
Instructions: Click on the “View in iTunes” hyperlink for “Lecture 23.” Listen to the entire lecture (80 minutes).
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Introduction to Economic Analysis: “Chapter 16: Games Strategic Behavior”
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5.3 Imperfect Competition
- Reading: Introduction to Economic Analysis: “Chapter 17: Imperfect Competition”
Link: Introduction to Economic Analysis: “Chapter 17: Imperfect Competition” (PDF)
Instructions: Please read all four sections of this chapter. Oligopolies are closely related to game theory. Analyze how the two are related in terms of their underlying theories.
Terms of Use: The text was adapted by The Saylor Foundation under a CreativeCommons-Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License without attribution as requested by the work's original creator or licensee.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Lecture: iTunes U: University of California, Berkeley’s Department of Economics: Glenn Woroch’s “Lecture 20” and “Lecture 21”
Link: iTunes U: University of California, Berkeley’s Department of Economics: Glenn Woroch’s “Lecture 20” and “Lecture 21” (iTunes)
Instructions: Click on the “View in iTunes” hyperlink for “Lecture 20” and “Lecture 21.” Listen to the entire two lectures (160 minutes).
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Introduction to Economic Analysis: “Chapter 17: Imperfect Competition”
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5.4 Uncertainty and Information
- Reading: Introduction to Economic Analysis: “Chapter 18: Information”
Link: Introduction to Economic Analysis: “Chapter 18: Information” (PDF)
Instructions: Please read all four sections of this chapter. Think about the role of signaling in your own life. How much time, money, and effort do you expend to convince others of something?
Terms of Use: The text was adapted by The Saylor Foundation under a CreativeCommons-Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License without attribution as requested by the work's original creator or licensee.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Lecture: iTunes U: University of California, Berkeley’s Department of Economics: Glenn Woroch’s “Lecture 26”
Link: iTunes U: University of California, Berkeley’s Department of Economics: Glenn Woroch’s “Lecture 26” (iTunes)
Instructions: Click on the “View in iTunes” hyperlink for “Lecture 26.” Listen to the entire lecture (80 minutes).
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Introduction to Economic Analysis: “Chapter 18: Information”
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5.5 Auctions
- Reading: Introduction to Economic Analysis: “Chapter 20: Auctions”
Link: Introduction to Economic Analysis: “Chapter 20: Auctions” (PDF)
Instructions: Please read all six sections of this chapter. Think about the role of information in the auction process. How clear and transparent are most auctions? What are some imperfections in auctions?
Terms of Use: The text was adapted by The Saylor Foundation under a CreativeCommons-Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License without attribution as requested by the work's original creator or licensee.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Lecture: iTunes U: University of California, Berkeley’s Department of Economics: Glenn Woroch’s “Lecture 12” and “Lecture 13”
Link: iTunes U: University of California, Berkeley’s Department of Economics: Glenn Woroch’s “Lecture 12” and “Lecture 13” (iTunes)
Instructions: Click on the “View in iTunes” hyperlink for “Lecture 12” and “Lecture 13.” Listen to the entire two lectures (160 minutes).
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Assessment: The Saylor Foundation’s “ECON201 Problem Sets”
Link: The Saylor Foundation’s “ECON201 Problem Sets” (PDF)
Instructions: Please click on the link above to download the assessment. Work on the questions in the problem set for Unit 5.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Introduction to Economic Analysis: “Chapter 20: Auctions”
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Final Exam
- Final Exam: The Saylor Foundation's ECON201 Final Exam
Link: The Saylor Foundation's ECON201 Final Exam
Instructions: You must be logged into your Saylor Foundation School account in order to access this exam. If you do not yet have an account, you will be able to create one, free of charge, after clicking the link.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Final Exam: The Saylor Foundation's ECON201 Final Exam
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