Restoration & Eighteenth-century Drama
Purpose of Course showclose
Learning Outcomes showclose
- Provide an introduction to and brief overview of both the Restoration and the eighteenth-century in terms of their history, politics, and culture and especially their drama.
- Identify and describe the major movements and developments in the theatre of this era (including, for example, heroic drama, pathetic drama, Restoration comedy, sentimental comedy, political satire, and opera).
- Compare and contrast the British drama from these eras to that of both Germany and France and especially in the context of the work of Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, Friedrich Schiller, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Pierre de Marivaux, and Voltaire.
Course Requirements showclose
√ Have access to a computer.
√ Have continuous broadband Internet access.
√ Have the ability/permission to install plug-ins or software (e.g., Adobe Reader or Flash).
√ Have the ability to download and save files and documents to a computer.
√ Have the ability to open Microsoft files and documents (.doc, .ppt, .xls, etc.).
√ Be competent in the English language.
√ Have read the Saylor Student Handbook.
Unit Outline show close
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Unit 1: An Introduction to Restoration & Eighteenth-century History and Culture
The English Civil war erupted as a result of disputes over the proper role of the monarchy in Britain. While “Royalists” supported King Charles I, “Parliamentarians” pushed for a voice for the nobility and the people of England. Ultimately, England saw the rise of Oliver Cromwell, the murder of the king, and the emergence of England’s first Commonwealth and Parliament. The Parliamentarian victory was relatively short lived, however, as King Charles II was “restored” to the throne in 1660 and a new “Restoration Era” ensued. In this unit, we will examine the history of this period in England with a focus on the politics, science, and culture of Restoration England.
Unit 1 Learning Outcomes show close
- 1.1 Restoration England in Socio-Historical Context
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1.1.1 Introduction Restoration England
- Reading: The University of Mannheim (Germany): Professor C. H. Firth’s “Chapter V: The Stuart Restoration” and Britannia.com’s “Timeline of the Reformation and Restoration Periods”
Links: The University of Mannheim (Germany): Professor C. H. Firth’s “Chapter V: The Stuart Restoration”(HTML) and Britannia.com’s “Timeline of the Reformation and Restoration Periods”(HTML)
Instructions: Please scroll down and read the entirety of The University of Mannheim’s version of Professor C. H. Firth’s overview of the Restoration. Also, please scroll down and read the entirety of Britannia.com’s timeline of Reformation and Restoration England.
About the Links: The University of Mannheim (Germany) has made this chapter from Professor Firth’s book online. Britannia.com, a website dedicated to the history and culture of England, has made this document available online.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyrights and terms of use displayed on the webpages above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: The University of Mannheim (Germany): Professor C. H. Firth’s “Chapter V: The Stuart Restoration” and Britannia.com’s “Timeline of the Reformation and Restoration Periods”
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1.1.2 Major Historical Developments in Seventeenth-Century England
- Reading: Union County College: Dr. E. K. Hawthorne’s “Glorious Revolution”
Link: Union County College: Dr. E. K. Hawthorne’s “Glorious Revolution”(HTML)
Instructions: Please scroll down and read the entirety of Dr. Hawthorne’s overview of the major historical developments of seventeenth-century England through the Restoration era and Glorious Revolution. In your own words, define the “Glorious Revolution” in England and place it in relation to the Restoration.
About the Link: Dr. E. K. Hawthorne, professor at Union County College, has made this document available through his university website.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Union County College: Dr. E. K. Hawthorne’s “Glorious Revolution”
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1.1.3 Restoration Politics
- Reading: Britain Express’s “Oliver Cromwell and the Restoration”
Link: Britain Express’s “Oliver Cromwell and the Restoration”(HTML)
Instructions: Please scroll down and read the entirety of Britain Express’s introduction to Restoration politics. What were the causes of the English Civil War? What was Oliver Cromwell’s place in this history?
About the Link: Britain Express, a website dedicated to English history and culture, has made the entirety of this document available online.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Britain Express’s “Oliver Cromwell and the Restoration”
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1.1.4 Restoration Gender Politics: Through the Lens of the Literary
- Reading: Shirl’s Site: “Love and Marriage in Three Restoration Comedies”
Link: Shirl’s Site: “Love and Marriage in Three Restoration Comedies”(HTML)
Instructions: Please scroll down and read the entirety of this article concerning gender politics in Restoration England. How did Restoration era individuals conceptualize the role of marriage in life?
About the Link: Shirl’s Site, a personal website created by a former English professor, has made this document freely accessible on the web.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Shirl’s Site: “Love and Marriage in Three Restoration Comedies”
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1.1.5 Religion and Science in Seventeenth-Century/Restoration England
- Reading: Reviews in History: Justin Champion’s Review of Religio Medici: Medicine and Religion in Seventeenth-Century England edited by Andrew Cunningham and Ole Peter Grell
Link: Reviews in History: Andrew Cunningham and Ole Peter Grell (eds)’s Justin Champion’s Review of Religio Medici: Medicine and Religion in Seventeenth-Century England(HTML)
Instructions: Please scroll down and read the entirety of Campion’s review of Religio Medici: Medicine and Religion in Seventeenth-Century England in which Campion provides a useful introduction to the religion and science of this period. How was religion contrasted against and opposed to science during this era?
About the Link: Reviews in History, a website dedicated to providing freely accessible book reviews online, has made this review by Justin Campion available on the web.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Reviews in History: Justin Champion’s Review of Religio Medici: Medicine and Religion in Seventeenth-Century England edited by Andrew Cunningham and Ole Peter Grell
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1.1.6 Restoration and Eighteenth-Century Sexuality
- Reading: Rictor Norton’s “The Gay Subculture in Early Eighteenth-Century London”
Link: Rictor Norton’s “The Gay Subculture in Early Eighteenth-Century London”(HTML)
Instructions: Please scroll down and read the entirety of Norton’s introduction to heterosexuality and homosexuality in late-seventeenth and early-eighteenth century England. How did Restoration England perceive sexuality and sexual politics?
About the Link: Rictor Norton, a scholar of the history of sexuality, has made this article available through his personal website.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Rictor Norton’s “The Gay Subculture in Early Eighteenth-Century London”
- 1.2 The Eighteenth-Century in Socio-Historical Context
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1.2.1 Introduction to Eighteenth-Century England
- Lecture: YouTube: Great Writers Inspire: Anna Beer’s “Literature and Politics in Seventeenth Century London”
Link: YouTube: Great Writers Inspire: Anna Beer’s “Literature and Politics in Seventeenth Century London” (YouTube)
Instructions: Watch this lecture and take notes.
Watching this lecture and pausing to take notes should take approximately 1 hour.
Terms of Use: This resource is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. It is attributed to Anna Beers and the original version can be found here.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Lecture: YouTube: Great Writers Inspire: Anna Beer’s “Literature and Politics in Seventeenth Century London”
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1.2.2 Eighteenth-Century Literature: An Introduction
- Reading: Norton Topics Online: The Norton Anthology of English Literature’s “The Restoration and Eighteenth Century: Introduction”
Link: Norton Topics Online: The Norton Anthology of English Literature’s “The Restoration and Eighteenth Century: Introduction”(HTML)
Instructions: Please scroll down and read the entirety of Norton Topics Online’s introduction to Restoration and Eighteenth-Century literature, culture, and history.
About the Link: Norton Topics Online, the online presence of Norton Publishing, has made this document available on the internet.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Norton Topics Online: The Norton Anthology of English Literature’s “The Restoration and Eighteenth Century: Introduction”
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1.2.3 English Monarchy During the Eighteenth Century
- Reading: History1700.com: Rick Brainard’s “England’s Kings and Queens of the 18th Century”
Link: History1700.com: Rick Brainard’s “England’s Kings and Queens of the 18th Century”(HTML)
Instructions: Please scroll down and read the entirety of Rick Brainard’s article on British monarchy during the eighteenth century. Who were the major monarchial figures during this century?
About the Link: History1700.com has made the entirety of Rick Brainard’s essay available online through the organization’s website.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: History1700.com: Rick Brainard’s “England’s Kings and Queens of the 18th Century”
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1.2.4 The Age of Reason in England and Europe: An Age of Revolution
- Reading: enLearn LabSpace: David Roden’s “The Enlightenment Habit, Part I: Revolutionary Skepticism” and “The Enlightenment Habit, Part II: Many Enlightenments?”
Links: OpenLearn LabSpace: David Roden’s “The Enlightenment Habit, Part I: Revolutionary Skepticism” (PDF) and “The Enlightenment Habit, Part II: Many Enlightenments?” (PDF)
Instructions: Read these pages, which provide an introduction to both the eighteenth century and to the scientific revolution.
Reading both pages will take approximately 15 minutes.
Terms of Use: This resource is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales. It is attributed to OpenLearn and the original versions can be found here.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: enLearn LabSpace: David Roden’s “The Enlightenment Habit, Part I: Revolutionary Skepticism” and “The Enlightenment Habit, Part II: Many Enlightenments?”
- 1.3 The Context of Restoration and Eighteenth-Century Drama: The Literary Scene
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1.3.1 Restoration Comedy
- Web Media: “Acting in Restoration Comedy with Simon Callow”
The Saylor Foundation does not yet have materials for this portion of the course. If you are interested in contributing your content to fill this gap or aware of a resource that could be used here, please submit it here.
- Web Media: “Acting in Restoration Comedy with Simon Callow”
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1.3.2 Eighteenth-Century Sentimental Comedy
- Reading: University of Valencia: “Sentimental Comedy”
Link: University of Valencia: “Sentimental Comedy” (HTML)
Instructions: Please scroll down and read the entirety of the University of Valencia’s introduction to British Sentimental Comedy of the eighteenth century. In your own words, define “Sentimental Comedy.”
About the Link: The University of Valencia has made this introduction to Sentimental Comedy available online through the university’s website.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.The Saylor Foundation does not yet have materials for this portion of the course. If you are interested in contributing your content to fill this gap or aware of a resource that could be used here, please submit it here.
- Reading: University of Valencia: “Sentimental Comedy”
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1.3.3 Eighteenth-Century Domestic Tragedy
- Reading: Britannica.com: “Domestic Tragedy”
Link: Britannica.com: “Domestic Tragedy”(HTML)
Instructions: Please scroll down and read the entirety of Britannica.com’s introduction to Domestic Tragedy during the English eighteenth century. In your own words, define “Domestic Tragedy.”
About the Link: Britannica.com, the online presence of Encyclopedia Britannica, has made this introduction to Domestic Tragedy in England during the eighteenth century available online.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Britannica.com: “Domestic Tragedy”
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1.3.4 Satire in the Eighteenth-Century
- Reading: Vancouver Island University: Dr. Ian Johnston’s “A Brief Introduction to Restoration and Eighteenth Century Satire”
Link: Vancouver Island University: Dr. Ian Johnston’s “A Brief Introduction to Restoration and Eighteenth Century Satire” (HTML)
Instructions: Please scroll down and read the entirety of Dr. Johnston’s introduction to the genre of satire in Restoration and Eighteenth-Century England.
About the Link: Dr. Ian Johnston of Vancouver Island University has made this document available through his university website.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Vancouver Island University: Dr. Ian Johnston’s “A Brief Introduction to Restoration and Eighteenth Century Satire”
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1.3.5 Renewed Interests in Italian Opera
- Reading: Victoria and Albert Museum: “18th Century Opera”
Link: Victoria and Albert Museum: “18th Century Opera”(HTML)
Instructions: Please scroll down and read the entirety of the Victoria and Albert Museum’s overview of eighteenth-century opera. Why do you think interests in Italian opera took root in England during this era?
About the Link: The website of the Victoria and Albert Museum has made this article available online.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Victoria and Albert Museum: “18th Century Opera”
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1.3.6 Musical Entertainment in Eighteenth-Century England
- Reading: The University of Michigan: “Musical Background of Eighteenth Century England”
Link: The University of Michigan: “Musical Background of Eighteenth Century England”(HTML)
Instructions: Please click on the link for “Musical Background” on the left-hand side of the page and then scroll down and read the entirety of the University of Michigan’s introduction to musical entertainment in eighteenth-century England. Why do you think interests in musical theater developed in England during this period?
About the Link: The University of Michigan has made this document available online through the university’s website.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: The University of Michigan: “Musical Background of Eighteenth Century England”
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1.3.7 Case Study in the Theater of the Period
- Reading: The University of Western Ontario: William Wycherley’s The Country Wife
Link: The University of Western Ontario: William Wycherley’s The Country Wife(HTML)
Also available in:
ePub format on Google Books
Instructions: Please scroll down and read the entirety of the University of Western Ontario’s version of William Wycherley’s play The Country Wife. In what ways do you see Wycherley’s play as a reflection of the politics, science, culture, and social dynamics of this period? Review the history that we have covered from the readings above to answer this question.
About the Link: The University of Ontario has made the entirety of William Wycherley’s The Country Wife available online.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: The University of Western Ontario: William Wycherley’s The Country Wife
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Unit 2: Major Restoration & Eighteenth-century British Dramatic Movements & Dramatists
Now that we have a thorough historical account of the Restoration and Eighteenth Century, we will focus our attention on the life and work of the major British dramatists from this period. In this unit, we will examine the various new genres that emerged and took root during the Restoration and eighteenth-century. We will also study the actors of the era and the social and legal developments that pertained to the theater during this period.
Unit 2 Learning Outcomes show close
- 2.1 New Genres of the Restoration
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2.1.1 Heroic Drama: John Dryden
- Reading: John Dryden’s All for Love and History1700s.com’s “All for Love by John Dryden”
Links: John Dryden’s All for Love (HTML) and History1700s.com’s “All for Love by John Dryden” (HTML)
Also available in:
ePub format on Google Books (p.21)
Instructions: Please scroll down and read the entirety of Project Gutenberg’s version of John Dryden’s play as well as History1700s.com’s background essay to help you understand the play. To access both resources in PDF format, scroll to the bottom of the background essay.
About the Links: Project Gutenberg, a literary database, has made the entirety of Dryden’s play available online. History1700s.com, a website dedicated to eighteenth-century studies, has made this background essay on Dryden’s play available on the organization's website.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyrights and terms of use displayed on the webpages above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: John Dryden’s All for Love and History1700s.com’s “All for Love by John Dryden”
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2.1.2 Pathetic Drama: Nicholas Rowe’s “She-Tragedy”
- Reading: Nicholas Rowe’s Jane Shore: A Tragedy and Luminarium.org’s “Jane Shore”
Links: Nicholas Rowe’s Jane Shore: A Tragedy(HTML)and Luminarium.org’s “Jane Shore”(HTML)
Also available in: (A Tragedy)
ePub format on Google Books (p.116)
Kindle (Free)
Instructions: Please scroll down and read the entirety of Project Gutenberg’s version of Rowe’s play as well as the entirety of Luminarium.org’s historical background on Jane Shore.
About the Links: Project Gutenberg, a literary database, has made the entirety of Rowe’s play available online. Luminarium.org, a literary encyclopedia, has made this essay on Jane Shore available online.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyrights and terms of use displayed on the webpages above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Nicholas Rowe’s Jane Shore: A Tragedy and Luminarium.org’s “Jane Shore”
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2.1.3 Restoration Comedy: William Congreve
- Reading: William Congreve’s The Way of the World and Goucher College: Dr. Arnie Sander’s “William Congreve, The Way of the World"
Links: William Congreve’s The Way of the World(HTML) and Goucher College: Dr. Arnie Sander’s “William Congreve, The Way of the World” (HTML)
Also available in: (The Way of the World)
ePub format on Google Books
Kindle ($2.79)
Instructions: Please scroll down and read the entirety of Project Gutenberg’s version of Congreve’s play as well as Dr. Sander’s introduction to this play.
About the Links: Project Gutenberg, a literary database, has made Congreve’s play available online in its entirety. Dr. Arnie Sander’s of Goucher College has made this helpful background on the play available through his college website.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyrights and terms of use displayed on the webpages above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: William Congreve’s The Way of the World and Goucher College: Dr. Arnie Sander’s “William Congreve, The Way of the World"
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2.1.4 England’s First Female Dramatists: Aphra Behn
- Reading: Aphra Behn’s The Rover and Student Pulse: Ellen Goodson’s “Aphra Behn’s ‘The Rover’: Evaluating Women’s Social and Sexual Options”
Links: Aphra Behn’s The Rover (HTML) and Student Pulse: Ellen Goodson’s “Aphra Behn’s ‘The Rover’: Evaluating Women’s Social and Sexual Options” (HTML)
Also available in: (The Rover)
ePub Format on Google Books
Instructions: Please scroll down and read the entirety of Project Gutenberg’s version of Behn’s play as well as the entirety of Student Pulse’s version of Goodson’s essay. You will need to use the page-scrolling tool at the bottom of the page to move to subsequent pages in her essay on Behn.
About the Links: Project Gutenberg, a literary database, has made the entirety of Behn’s play available online. Student Pulse, an online academic student journal, has made the entirety of Goodson’s article available online.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyrights and terms of use displayed on the webpages above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Aphra Behn’s The Rover and Student Pulse: Ellen Goodson’s “Aphra Behn’s ‘The Rover’: Evaluating Women’s Social and Sexual Options”
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2.1.5 Restoration Celebrity Actors and Actresses
- Reading: Lit-Arts.net’s “Women in the Theater After the Restoration” and Theatre Database: W. Davenport Adams’ “The Appearance of Women on the English Stage”
Links: Lit-Arts.net’s “Women in the Theater After the Restoration” (HTML) and Theatre Database: W. Davenport Adams’ “The Appearance of Women on the English Stage”(HTML)
Instructions: Please scroll down and read the entirety of Lit-Arts.net’s essay on women in Restoration-era theater as well as the entirety of Theatre Database’s version of Adams’ essay on the emergence of women in English theater.
About the Links: Lit-Arts.net, a website dedicated to literature and the arts, has made this document available through the organization’s website. Theatre Database, a database of documents related to theater and the arts, has made Adams’ essay available online. Adams’ essay was originally published in A Dictionary of the Drama in 1904.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyrights and terms of use displayed on the webpages above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Lit-Arts.net’s “Women in the Theater After the Restoration” and Theatre Database: W. Davenport Adams’ “The Appearance of Women on the English Stage”
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2.1.6 Restoration, Adaptation, Revival: 1660-1700
- Reading: Cambridge University Press: Dr. Michael Dobson’s “Adaptations and Revivals” in The Cambridge Companion to English Restoration Theater
Link: Cambridge University Press: Dr. Michael Dobson’s “Adaptations and Revivals” (PDF) in The Cambridge Companion to English Restoration Theater
Instructions: Please click on the link above and scroll down to the fourth entry (file name 9780521582155wsc00.pdf). Download and read the entirety of Dr. Dobson’s introduction to adaptation and revival in Restoration Theater.
About the Link: Cambridge University Press has made Dr. Dobson’s chapter from The Cambridge Companion to English Restoration Theater
available online.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Cambridge University Press: Dr. Michael Dobson’s “Adaptations and Revivals” in The Cambridge Companion to English Restoration Theater
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2.1.7 Restoration Theater Companies: The Major Players
- Reading: University of St. Andrews: “The Theatre Companies”
Link: University of St. Andrews: “The Theatre Companies” (HTML)
Instructions: Please scroll down and read the entirety of the University of St. Andrew’s essay on Restoration-era theater companies. What were the major theater companies during this era? Why do you think these specific companies rose to prominence?
About the Link: The University of St. Andrews has made this document available through the university’s website.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.The Saylor Foundation does not yet have materials for this portion of the course. If you are interested in contributing your content to fill this gap or aware of a resource that could be used here, please submit it here.
- Reading: University of St. Andrews: “The Theatre Companies”
- 2.2 Eighteenth-Century Genteel, Sentimental Comedy in English
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2.2.1 Sir Richard Steele
- Reading: McCarter Theater Center: Excerpt from Sir Richard Steele’s The Conscious Lovers and OurCivilization.com’s version of John Dennis’ “Remarks (1723) by John Dennis on The Conscious Lovers by Sir Richard Steele”
Links: McCarter Theater Center: Excerpt from Sir Richard Steele’s The Conscious Lovers (PDF) and OurCivilization.com’s version of John Dennis’ “Remarks (1723) by John Dennis on The Conscious Lovers by Sir Richard Steele” (HTML)
Also available in:
Google Books (TXT, PDF, ePUB)
Instructions: Please scroll down to heading 2 to find the McCarter Theater Center’s excerpt (I.ii) from Steele’s play. Please read the scene in its entirety, as well as the entirety of Dennis’ essay on the play.
About the Links: The McCarter Theater Center, a professional acting house, has made this excerpt from Steele’s play available online. OurCivilization.com, a website dedicated to the history of Western civilization, has made the entirety of Dennis’ reading of Steele’s play available online.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyrights and terms of use displayed on the webpages above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: McCarter Theater Center: Excerpt from Sir Richard Steele’s The Conscious Lovers and OurCivilization.com’s version of John Dennis’ “Remarks (1723) by John Dennis on The Conscious Lovers by Sir Richard Steele”
- 2.3 Eighteenth-Century Political Satire
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2.3.1 Henry Fielding
- Reading: Henry Fielding’s The Author’s Farce and the University of Michigan’s “The Author’s Farce”
Links: Henry Fielding’s The Author’s Farce (HTML) and The University of Michigan’s “The Author’s Farce” (HTML)
Also available in: (The Author’s Farce)
ePub format on Google Books
Instructions: Please scroll down and read the entirety of Project Gutenberg’s version of Henry Fielding’s play as well as the entirety of the University of Michigan’s brief introduction to this play.
About the Links: Project Gutenberg, a literary database, has made the entirety of Fielding’s play available online. The University of Michigan has made this brief introduction to Fielding’s play available through the university’s website.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyrights and terms of use displayed on the webpages above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Henry Fielding’s The Author’s Farce and the University of Michigan’s “The Author’s Farce”
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2.3.2 John Gay and the Joys of Opera in England
- Reading: John Gay’s The Beggar’s Opera and the University of Michigan’s “The Beggar’s Opera”
Links: John Gay’s The Beggar’s Operaand The University of Michigan’s “The Beggar’s Opera”(HTML)
Also available in: (The Beggar’s Opera)
ePub format on Google Books
Instructions: Please scroll down and read the entirety of Project Gutenberg’s version of Gay’s play as well as the entirety of the University of Michigan’s website concerning Gay and his play. For the latter set of readings, you will need to click on and read the entirety of the following links within the University of Michigan site: “John Gay Biography,” “Musical Background,” “Theatrical Background,” “The First Production,” “Synopsis and Scene Breakdown,” and “Biography and Links” pages within the main website.
About the Links: Project Gutenberg, a literary database, has made the entirety of Gay’s play available online. The University of Michigan has made this helpful background on Gay and his play available through the university’s website.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyrights and terms of use displayed on the webpages above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: John Gay’s The Beggar’s Opera and the University of Michigan’s “The Beggar’s Opera”
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2.3.3 The Licensing Act of 1737
- Reading: Grinnell College: Eliza Hay’s “The Licensing Act of 1737”
Link: Grinnell College: Eliza Hay’s “The Licensing Act of 1737”(HTML)
Instructions: Please scroll down and read the entirety of Grinnell College’s version of Hay’s essay on the Licensing Act of 1737. What was the Licensing Act of 1737? Why was it important to the theater? What did it change about theater in England?
About the Link: Grinnell College has made Hay’s essay on the Licensing Act of 1737 available through the college’s website.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Grinnell College: Eliza Hay’s “The Licensing Act of 1737”
- 2.4 Legacies of Restoration Comedy in Eighteenth-Century Britain: Oliver Goldsmith and Richard Brinsley Sheridan
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2.4.1 Oliver Goldsmith
- Reading: Oliver Goldsmith’s She Stoops to Conquer and TheatreHistory.com’s “She Stoops to Conquer or the Mistakes of a Night, A Synopsis of the Play by Oliver Goldsmith”
Links: Oliver Goldsmith’s She Stoops to Conquer and TheatreHistory.com’s “She Stoops to Conquer or the Mistakes of a Night, A Synopsis of the Play by Oliver Goldsmith”
Also available in:
ePub format on Google Books
Instructions: Please scroll down and read the entirety of Project Gutenberg’s version of Goldsmith’s play as well as the entirety of TheatreHistory.com’s essay on Goldsmith’s play.
About the Links: Project Gutenberg, a literary database, has made the entirety of Goldsmith’s play available online. TheatreHistory.com, a website dedicated to the history of theater, has made this introduction to Goldsmith’s play available through the organization’s website.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Web Media: YouTube: “Scene I from Aberdeen Arts Center’s Production of She Stoops to Conquer”
Link: YouTube: “Scene I from Aberdeen Arts Center’s Production of She Stoops to Conquer” (YouTube)
Instructions: Please watch the entirety of this selection from Aberdeen Arts Center’s production of Goldsmith’s play.
About the Link: YouTube has made this selection from Aberdeen Arts Center’s production of Goldsmith’s play available online.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Oliver Goldsmith’s She Stoops to Conquer and TheatreHistory.com’s “She Stoops to Conquer or the Mistakes of a Night, A Synopsis of the Play by Oliver Goldsmith”
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2.4.2 Richard Brinsley Sheridan
- Reading: Richard Brinsley Sheridan’s The School for Scandal and Brigham Young University: Dr. Nola Smith’s and Dr. Bob Nelson’s “The School for Scandal by Richard Brinsley Sheridan: A Study Guide”
Links: Richard Brinsley Sheridan’s The School for Scandal (HTML) and Brigham Young University: Dr. Nola Smith’s and Dr. Bob Nelson’s “The School for Scandal by Richard Brinsley Sheridan: A Study Guide” (PDF)
Also available in:
ePub format on Google Books
Kindle ($1.90)
Instructions: Please read the entirety of Project Gutenberg’s version of Sheridan’s play. Also, please read the entirety of Dr. Smith’s and Dr. Nelson’s study guide; scroll down to subheading "1999-2000" to find the entry for BYU's production of Sheridan's play and the appropriate PDF link.
About the Links: Project Gutenberg, a literary database, has made the entirety of Sheridan’s play available online. Dr. Nola Smith and Dr. Bob Nelson of Brigham Young University have made their study guide for Sheridan’s play available through Brigham Young University’s website.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyrights and terms of use displayed on the webpages above.The Saylor Foundation does not yet have materials for this portion of the course. If you are interested in contributing your content to fill this gap or aware of a resource that could be used here, please submit it here.
- Reading: Richard Brinsley Sheridan’s The School for Scandal and Brigham Young University: Dr. Nola Smith’s and Dr. Bob Nelson’s “The School for Scandal by Richard Brinsley Sheridan: A Study Guide”
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Unit 3: German Drama: Sturm Und Drang & Other Developments
In the last unit, we studied English drama through a variety of lenses (cultural, political, generic, social). In this unit we will turn our attention to simultaneous developments in the theater of Germany during the long-eighteenth century. Here, we will explore the “Sturm und Drang” tradition in Germany as well as German historical drama and tragedy of the period.
Unit 3 Learning Outcomes show close
- 3.1 Gotthold Ephraim Lessing
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3.1.1 German Theater in the Eighteenth Century: Sturm und Drang
- Reading: TheatreDatabase.com’s “Sturm und Drang”
Link: TheatreDatabase.com’s “Sturm und Drang”(HTML)
Also available in:
ePub format on Google Books (pg 307)
Instructions: Please scroll down and read the entirety of TheatreDatabase.com’s introduction to German eighteenth-century drama. In your own words, define the “Sturm und Drang” tradition in Germany. What does “Sturm und Drang” translate as in English?
About the Link: TheatreDatabase.com, a website dedicated to the history of theater, has made this introduction to German eighteenth-century theater available online.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: TheatreDatabase.com’s “Sturm und Drang”
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3.1.2 Lessing’s Emilia Galotti
- Reading: Gotthold Ephraim Lessing’s Emilia Galotti
Link: Gotthold Ephraim Lessing’s Emilia Galotti(HTML)
Instructions: Please scroll down and read the entirety of Lessing’s Emilia Galotti. How do you understand this play in the context of the Sturm und Drang tradition in Germany?
About the Link: Project Gutenberg, a literary database, has made the entirety of Lessing’s play available online.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Gotthold Ephraim Lessing’s Emilia Galotti
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3.1.3 Enacting Lessing: Themes, Ideas, and Performance
- Reading: The New York Times: Jonathan Kalb’s “A Tale of Sex and Death, Stripped to its Core”
Link: The New York Times: Jonathan Kalb’s “A Tale of Sex and Death, Stripped to its Core” (HTML)
Instructions: Please scroll down and read the entirety of Kalb’s review of the 2005 performance of Lessing’s Emilia Galotti at the Harvey Theater in Brooklyn, New York. Be sure to pay attention to the themes and ideas that Kalb focuses on in his article.
About the Link: Jonathan Kalb’s review article of Harvey Theater’s performance of Lessing’s Emilia Galotti was published originally in The New York Times on October 14, 2005.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: The New York Times: Jonathan Kalb’s “A Tale of Sex and Death, Stripped to its Core”
- 3.2 Friedrich Schiller
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3.2.1 Biography and Historical Context of the Friedrich Schiller
- Reading: TheatreDatabase.com’s “Friedrich Schiller (1759-1805)”
Link: TheatreDatabase.com’s “Friedrich Schiller (1759-1805)”(HTML)
Instructions: Please scroll down and read the entirety of TheatreDatabase.com’s introduction to the life, work, and times of Friedrich Schiller.
About the Link: TheatreDatabase.com, a website dedicated to the history of theater, has made this document concerning Schiller available online.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: TheatreDatabase.com’s “Friedrich Schiller (1759-1805)”
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3.2.2 Friedrich Schiller’s The Death of Wallenstein
- Reading: Friedrich Schillers’ The Death of Wallenstein
Link: Friedrich Schillers’ The Death of Wallenstein(HTML)
Also available in:
ePub format on Google Books
Instructions: Please scroll down and read the entirety of Project Gutenberg’s version of Schiller’s play. In what ways is this play a historical drama, do you think? Why would Schiller want to produce a historical drama?
About the Link: Project Gutenberg, a literary database, has made the entirety of Schiller’s play available online.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Friedrich Schillers’ The Death of Wallenstein
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3.2.3 Schiller and The Death of Wallenstein in Context
- Reading: Pegasos: “Friedrich von Schiller (1759-1805)”
Link: Pegasos: “Friedrich von Schiller (1759-1805)”(HTML)
Instructions: Please scroll down and read the entirety of Pegasos’ background concerning the life and work of Schiller.
About the Link: Pegasos has made this document concerning the life and work of Schiller available online.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Pegasos: “Friedrich von Schiller (1759-1805)”
- 3.3 Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
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3.3.1 The Life and Work of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
- Reading: The University of Tennessee, Knoxville: Dr. Bruce J. MacLennan’s “Introduction: Background on Goethe”
Link: The University of Tennessee, Knoxville: Dr. Bruce J. MacLennan’s “Introduction: Background on Goethe”(HTML)
Instructions: Please scroll down and read the entirety of Dr. MacLennan’s introduction to Goethe.
About the Link: Dr. Bruce J. MacLennan, a professor at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, has made this document available through his university website.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: The University of Tennessee, Knoxville: Dr. Bruce J. MacLennan’s “Introduction: Background on Goethe”
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3.3.3 German Tragedy in the Eighteenth Century
- Reading: Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s Faust: A Tragedy
Link: Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s Faust: A Tragedy
Also available in:
ePub format on Google Books
Instructions: Please scroll down and read the entirety of Project Gutenberg’s version of Goethe’s play. In what way is this play specifically a tragedy? Is there a tragic hero? Who would that character be in the logic of the play?
About the Link: Project Gutenberg, a literary database, has made the entirety of Goethe’s play available online.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s Faust: A Tragedy
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3.3.4 Understanding Goethe's Faust
- Reading: Washington State University: Dr. Paul Brians’ “Study Guide for Goethe’s Faust”
Link: Washington State University: Dr. Paul Brians’ “Study Guide for Goethe’s Faust” (HTML)
Instructions: Please scroll down and read the entirety of Dr. Brians’ study guide to understand better Goethe’s Faust.
About the Link: Dr. Paul Brians of Washington State University has made this document available online via his university website.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Washington State University: Dr. Paul Brians’ “Study Guide for Goethe’s Faust”
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Unit 4: French Drama: Harlequin Comedy & Other Genres
In this unit, we will expand our nationalistic perspective on the drama of the long-eighteenth century to include work created and performed in France. In so doing, we will investigate the joys of the Harlequin comedy of Pierre de Marivaux as well as the historical and philosophic drama of Voltaire. Our course concludes, then, by rounding out the various genres that we have studied thus far by approaching theater from the stance of two of France’s most important dramatists of the period.
Unit 4 Learning Outcomes show close
- 4.1 Pierre de Marivaux and Eighteenth-Century Theater in France
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4.1.1 French Drama in the Eighteenth Century
- Reading: TheatreDatabase.com’s “French Drama in the Eighteenth Century”
Link: TheatreDatabase.com’s “French Drama in the Eighteenth Century”(HTML)
Instructions: Please scroll down and read the entirety of TheatreDatabase.com’s introduction to French eighteenth-century drama.
About the Link: TheatreDatabase.com, a website dedicated to the history of theater, has made this introduction to French eighteenth-century drama available online.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: TheatreDatabase.com’s “French Drama in the Eighteenth Century”
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4.1.2 Harlequin Comedy: An Introduction the Work and Life of Marivaux
- Reading: The “Preface” and “Introduction” to Everett Ward Olmsted’s A Selection of the Comedies of Marivaux
Link: The “Preface” and “Introduction”(HTML) to Everett Ward Olmsted’s A Selection of the Comedies of Marivaux
Also available in:
ePub format on Google Books
Instructions: Please scroll down and read the “Preface” and “Introduction” to Project Gutenberg’s version of Olmsted’s text.
About the Link: Project Gutenberg, a literary database, has made the entirety of Everett Ward Olmsted’s A Selection of the Comedies of Marivaux online.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: The “Preface” and “Introduction” to Everett Ward Olmsted’s A Selection of the Comedies of Marivaux
- 4.2 Voltaire’s Impact on French Eighteenth-Century Theater
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4.2.1 An Introduction to the Life and Work of Voltaire
- Reading: The Voltaire Foundation: “Introduction” and “Voltaire’s Early Life and Works”
Links: The Voltaire Foundation: “Introduction”(HTML) and “Voltaire’s Early Life and Works” (HTML)
Instructions: Please scroll down and read the entirety of the Voltaire Foundation’s “Introduction” to Voltaire as well as the entirety of the section titled “Voltaire’s Early Life and Works.”
About the Links: The Voltaire Foundation, a website dedicated to the life and work of Voltaire, has made these documents available online.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyrights and terms of use displayed on the webpages above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: The Voltaire Foundation: “Introduction” and “Voltaire’s Early Life and Works”
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4.2.2 Voltaire’s Socrates
- Reading: Voltaire’s Socrates and Citizendium.org’s “Voltaire’s Socrates”
Links: Voltaire’s Socrates (HTML) and Citizendium.org’s “Voltaire’s Socrates” (HTML)
Also available in:
ePub format
Instructions: Please scroll down and read the entirety of Project Gutenberg’s version of Voltaire’s play as well as the entirety of Citizendium.org’s background on the play. In what ways is this a “philosophic” play? Why would Voltaire want to explore philosophy in the form of drama? That is, why would Voltaire want to dramatize philosophy?
About the Links: Project Gutenberg, a literary database, has made the entirety of Voltaire’s play online. Citizendium.org, a citizen’s compendium for information on the web, has made this article concerning Voltaire’s Socrates available online.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyrights and terms of use displayed on the webpages above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Voltaire’s Socrates and Citizendium.org’s “Voltaire’s Socrates”
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Final Exam
- Final Exam: The Saylor Foundation's ENGL412 Final Exam
Link: The Saylor Foundation's ENGL412 Final Exam
Instructions: You must be logged into your Saylor Foundation School account in order to access this exam. If you do not yet have an account, you will be able to create one, free of charge, after clicking the link.
The Saylor Foundation does not yet have materials for this portion of the course.The Saylor Foundation does not yet have materials for this portion of the course. If you are interested in contributing your content to fill this gap or aware of a resource that could be used here, please submit it here.
- Final Exam: The Saylor Foundation's ENGL412 Final Exam
Questions? Consult the FAQ's!

