Neuropsychology
Purpose of Course showclose
Learning Outcomes showclose
- explain the development course of the science of neuropsychology;
- describe the basic organization of the nervous system;
- explain the mechanisms of communication within the nervous system;
- explain the mechanisms of communication between the nervous system and other parts of the body;
- describe historical and modern research techniques for investigating nervous system structure and function;
- describe the basic operation of each of the five (5) primary sensory systems;
- describe the basic operation of the motor system;
- discuss the importance and role of asymmetry in cerebral structure and function;
- describe the basic functions of each of the four (4) lobes of the cerebral cortex; and
- discuss the neuropsychology of higher behavioral functions, such as language, emotion, learning, and consciousness.
Course Requirements showclose
√ have access to a computer;
√ have continuous broadband Internet access;
√ have the ability/permission to install plug-ins or software (e.g., Adobe Reader or Flash);
√ have the ability to download and save files and documents to a computer;
√ have the ability to open Microsoft files and documents (.doc, .ppt, .xls, etc.);
√ be competent in the English language;
√ have read the Saylor Student Handbook; and
√ gave completed the PSYCH101: Introduction to Psychology course. Prior completion of PSYCH203/BIO101: Instroduction to Molecular and Cellular Biology is strongly recommended.
Unit Outline show close
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Unit 1: The Development of Neuropsychology
Although neurospsychology is relatively new as a formal discipline, the brain and its mysterious functioning have prompted study and investigation since ancient Greece. It is only recently, however, that we have begun to study the brain scientifically. This unit will review the origins of neuropsychology as a scientific practice and introduce its principal concepts and theories.
Unit 1 Time Advisory show close
Unit 1 Learning Outcomes show close
- 1.1 The Brain Hypothesis
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1.1.1 What is the Brain?
- Web Media: YouTube: nucleusanimation.com’s “Anatomy and Functional Areas of the Brain”
Link: YouTube: nucleusanimation.com’s “Anatomy and Functional Areas of the Brain” (YouTube)
Also available in:
Adobe Flash
Instructions: Click the link above to navigate to the webpageand start the video. NOTE: This video has no audio track.
Watching this video should take approximately 2 minutes.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Web Media: YouTube: Interactive Biology’s “An Introduction to the Nervous System”
Link: YouTube: Interactive Biology’s “An Introduction to the Nervous System” (YouTube)
Instructions: Click the link above to navigate to the webpageand start the video.
Watching this video should take approximately 3 minutes.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Web Media: YouTube: nucleusanimation.com’s “Anatomy and Functional Areas of the Brain”
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1.1.2 How does the Brain Relate to the Nervous System?
- Web Media: YouTube: Duke Raleigh Hospital, Dr. Vinod Krishnan’s, “Peripheral Nervous System: Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathology”
Link: YouTube: Duke Raleigh Hospital, Dr. Vinod Krishnan’s, “Peripheral Nervous System: Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathology” (YouTube)
Also available in:
Adobe Flash
Instructions: Click the link above to navigate to the webpage and start the video.
Watch the first portion of the lecture, to approximately the 15:15 point.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Web Media: YouTube: Duke Raleigh Hospital, Dr. Vinod Krishnan’s, “Peripheral Nervous System: Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathology”
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1.1.3 Aristotle and the Mind vs. Descartes and the Mind-Body Dualism
- Reading: The Information Philosopher: “History of the Problem of Knowledge”
Link: The Information Philosopher: “History of the Problem of Knowledge” (PDF)
Instructions: Read this article to learn about how early philosophical works handled the problem of knowledge, or epistemology, especially proving that knowledge is possible. Read about fundamental philosophers such as the Sophists, Plato, and Socrates, and apply that foundation to the distinction between Aristotle and Descartes. Note Aristotle’s view that all things are a combination of form and matter and understanding how physical things change is just as important as their essence vs. Descartes’ view that knowledge is subjective and the focus should be on internal thoughts instead of the external world. Key concepts such as a priori, dialectical, sophistical, foundationalism, and internalism will help distinguish between Aristotle and Descartes’ views.
Reading this article should take approximately 1 hour.
Terms of Use: This resource is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. It is attributed to The Information Philosopher, and the original version can be found here.
See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Web Media: YouTube: www.psychnut.com, Dr. Ken Tangen’s, “If You Know Nothing About Psych: Mind-Body Problem”
Link: YouTube: www.psychnut.com, Dr. Ken Tangen’s, “If You Know Nothing About Psych: Mind-Body Problem” (YouTube)
Instructions: Click the link above to navigate to the webpage and start the video.
Watching this video should take approximately 8 minutes.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: The Information Philosopher: “History of the Problem of Knowledge”
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1.1.4 Darwin and Materialism
- Reading: vision.net, Alex Paterson’s “Philosophical Materialism”
Link: vision.net, Alex Paterson’s “Philosophical Materialism” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and read the entire main text.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: vision.net, Alex Paterson’s “Philosophical Materialism”
- 1.2 Experimental Approaches to Brain Function
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1.2.1 Localization of Function
- Reading: serendip.com’s “Mind, Brain, and Adaptation: The Localization of Cerebral Function”
Link: serendip.com’s “Mind, Brain, and Adaptation: The Localization of Cerebral Function” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and read the entire main text.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Web Media: YouTube: FirstScience.TV’s “Phrenology—Studying the Shape of the Head”
Link: YouTube: FirstScience.TV’s “Phrenology—Studying the Shape of the Head” (YouTube)
Also available in:
Adobe Flash
Instructions: Click the link above to navigate to the webpage and start the video.
Watching this video should take 3 minutes.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: serendip.com’s “Mind, Brain, and Adaptation: The Localization of Cerebral Function”
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1.2.2 Localization and Lateralization of Language
- Web Media: Learner.org, Teacher Resources, The Brain: Teaching modules, “6: Language and Speech: Broca’s and Wernicke’s Areas”
Link: Learner.org, Teacher Resources, The Brain: Teaching modules, “6: Language and Speech: Broca’s and Wernicke’s Areas” (Adobe Flash)
Instructions: Click the link above to navigate to webpage and start the video.
Watching this video should take approximately 8 minutes.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Web Media: Learner.org, Teacher Resources, The Brain: Teaching modules, “6: Language and Speech: Broca’s and Wernicke’s Areas”
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1.2.3 Hierarchical Organization and Distributed Systems in the Brain
- Reading: answers.com, Alan Cowey’s “Localization of Brain Function and Cortical Maps”
Link: answers.com, Alan Cowey’s “Localization of Brain Function and Cortical Maps” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and read the entire main text.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: answers.com, Alan Cowey’s “Localization of Brain Function and Cortical Maps”
- 1.3 The Neuron Hypothesis
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1.3.1 The Nervous System and its Cells
- Web Media: Pearson Education’s “Live!psych: The Nervous System and its Cells”
Link: Pearson Education’s “Live!psych: The Nervous System and its Cells” (Adobe Flash)
Instructions: Click the link above to navigate to the webpage. Click the links on the left to view all five (5) sections. Note that some sections have more than one screen (see the right-pointing triangle at the lower right).
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Web Media: Pearson Education’s “Live!psych: The Nervous System and its Cells”
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1.3.2 Identifying Neurons
- Reading: Nobelprize.org: Marina Bentivoglio’s “Life and Discoveries of Camillo Golgi”
Link: Nobelprize.org, Marina Bentivoglio’s “Life and Discoveries of Camillo Golgi” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and read the entire main text.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Nobelprize.org: Marina Bentivoglio’s “Life and Discoveries of Santiago Ramón y Cajal”
Link: Nobelprize.org: Marina Bentivoglio’s “Life and Discoveries of Santiago Ramón y Cajal” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and read the entire main text.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Nobelprize.org: Marina Bentivoglio’s “Life and Discoveries of Camillo Golgi”
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1.3.3 Electrical Activity of Neurons and Behavior
- Reading: Scientific American: Daniel Lametti’s “Mirroring Behavior”
Link: Scientific American: Daniel Lametti’s “Mirroring Behavior” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and read the entire main text. NOTE: This reading applies to subsections 1.3.3 and 1.3.4.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Scientific American: Daniel Lametti’s “Mirroring Behavior”
- 1.3.4 Connections Between Neurons and Learning
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Unit 2: The Organization of the Nervous System
The structure of the nervous system is extremely complex, in part because we have had to devise ways to refer to specific parts of it while excluding others, which has led to complicated naming conventions and systems of reference. For example, a psychologist may want to discuss a certain area of the brain independently of the rest of the brain – and then discuss it in reference to another part of the brain – and experts have devised distinct ways to reference both. In this unit, we will discuss the structure of the nervous system by taking a look at its subsystems and identifying the ways in which they connect to one another. Though you may find this unit dense and jargon-heavy, you will need to be familiar with the terminology introduced here throughout the remainder of the course.
Unit 2 Time Advisory show close
Unit 2 Learning Outcomes show close
- 2.1 Neuroanatomy
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2.1.1 Locations in the Brain: Dorsal, Ventral, Rostral, Caudal, Lateral, Medial, Posterior, Anterior
- Reading: Washington University: Neuroscience for Kids’ “Directions and Planes of Section”
Link: Washington University: Neuroscience for Kids’ “Directions and Planes of Section” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and read the entire main text. NOTE: This reading applies to subsections 2.1.1 and 2.1.2.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Web Media: University of Central Lancashire’s “Anatomical Directions and Sections”
Link: University of Central Lancashire’s “Anatomical Directions and Sections” (Adobe Flash)
Instructions: Click the link above to navigate to the webpage. Click each of the links in turn to view illustrations of the basic anatomical directions and sections. NOTE: This resource applies to subsections 2.1.1 and 2.1.2.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Washington University: Neuroscience for Kids’ “Directions and Planes of Section”
- 2.1.2 Planes of View: Coronal, Horizontal, and Sagittal sections
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2.1.3 Fissures vs. Gyrus vs. Sulcus
- Reading: Answers.com’s “What Is the Difference Between the Ggyri and Sulci?”
Link: Answers.com’s “What Is the Difference Between the Gyri and Sulci?” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and read the entire main text.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.
See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Answers.com’s “What Is the Difference Between the Ggyri and Sulci?”
- 2.2 Nervous System Structure
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2.2.1 Support and Protection
- Web Media: YouTube: cattosa3’s “Skull Bones”
Link: YouTube: cattosa3’s “Skull Bones” (YouTube)
Instructions: Click the link above to navigate to the webpage and start the video.
Watching this video should take approximately 3 minutes.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Web Media: YouTube: cattosa3’s “Skull Bones”
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2.2.2 Blood Supply: The Blood-Brain Barrier
- Web Media: YouTube: Medical Legal Art’s “Brain Oxygenation—Medical Animation”
Link: YouTube: Medical Legal Art’s “Brain Oxygenation—Medical Animation” (YouTube)
Instructions: Click the link above to navigate to the webpage and start the video.
Watching this video should take approximately 2 minutes.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Web Media: YouTube: Medical Legal Art’s “Brain Oxygenation—Medical Animation”
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2.2.3 Neurons and Glia
- Reading: MedicineNet.com’s “Definition of Glial Cell”
Link: MedicineNet.com’s “Definition of Glial Cell” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and read the entire main text.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Web Media: YouTube: Rich Arenas’ “How Neurons Work”
Link: YouTube: Rich Arenas’ “How Neurons Work” (YouTube)
Instructions: Click the link above to navigate to the webpage and start the video.
Watch the video up until the 2:50 time mark.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: MedicineNet.com’s “Definition of Glial Cell”
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2.2.4 The Difference between Gray, White, and Reticular Matter
- Reading: University of Alberta: Melissa Davies’ “Neuroscience: A Journey Through the Brain”
Link: University of Alberta: Melissa Davies’ “Neuroscience: A Journey Through the Brain” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and read the section titled “Matter Types.”
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: University of Alberta: Melissa Davies’ “Neuroscience: A Journey Through the Brain”
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2.2.5 Nuclei, Nerves, Tracts, and Layers
- Reading: University of Michigan Medical School’s “Medical Gross Anatomy: Nervous System Overview”
Link: University of Michigan Medical School’s “Medical Gross Anatomy: Nervous System Overview” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and read the entire main text.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: University of Alberta: Melissa Davies’ “Neuroscience: A Journey Through the Brain”
Link: University of Alberta:Melissa Davies’ “Neuroscience: A Journey Through the Brain” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and read the section titled “Nuclei and Tracts.”
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Brown University’s “Cortical Layers”
Link: Brown University’s “Cortical Layers” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and read the entire main text.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: University of Michigan Medical School’s “Medical Gross Anatomy: Nervous System Overview”
- 2.3 The Spinal Cord
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2.3.1 Spinal Cord Structure and the Spinal Nerves
- Web Media: YouTube: GeneEd’s “Spinal Cord Anatomy and Innervation”
Link: YouTube: GeneEd’s “Spinal Cord Anatomy and Innervation” (YouTube)
Instructions: Click the link above to navigate to the webpage.
Watching this video should take approximately 2 minutes.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Web Media: YouTube: GeneEd’s “Spinal Cord Anatomy and Innervation”
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2.3.2 Spinal Cord Function and the Spinal Nerves
- Reading: Boundless: “Spinal Nerves”
Link: Boundless: “Spinal Nerves” (PDF)
Instructions: Read this article to learn about spinal nerves, including minute anatomical structures and physiological processes. Note the function and physiology of spinal nerves working as a whole and the impact this has on major bodily structures such as limbs and organs.
Reading this article should take approximately 1 hour and 30 minutes.
Terms of Use: This resource is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. It is attributed to Boundless and the original version can be found here.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Boundless: “Spinal Nerves”
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2.3.3 The Central Nervous System and the Somatic Nervous System: How Do They Connect?
- Reading: About.com: Kendra Cherry’s “What Is the Somatic Nervous System?”
Link: About.com: Kendra Cherry’s “What Is the Somatic Nervous System?” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and read the entire main text.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Web Media: YouTube: myinsung89’s “Neuromuscular Transmission”
Link: YouTube: myinsung89’s “Neuromuscular Transmission” (YouTube)
Instructions: Click the link above to navigate to the webpage and start the video.
Watching this video should take 1 minute.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: About.com: Kendra Cherry’s “What Is the Somatic Nervous System?”
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2.3.4 The Autonomic Nervous System
- Web Media: YouTube: TutorVista.com’s “Autonomic Nervous System”
Link: YouTube: TutorVista.com’s “Autonomic Nervous System” (YouTube)
Instructions: Click the link above to navigate to the webpage and start the video.
Watching this video should take 3 minutes.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Web Media: YouTube: TutorVista.com’s “Autonomic Nervous System”
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2.4 Anatomical Structure of the Brain
- Reading: McGill University’s “The Brain from Top to Bottom: The Brain, The Nervous System”
Link: McGill University’s “The Brain from Top to Bottom: The Brain, The Nervous System” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and read the entire main text. NOTE: This resource applies to all of subsection 2.4.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Web Media: MedLinePlus’ “Brain Components”
Link: MedLinePlus’ “Brain Components” (QuickTime)
Instructions: Click the link above to navigate to the webpage and start the video. NOTE: This resource applies to all of subsection 2.4.
Watching this video should take approximately 4 minutes.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Lundbeck Institute, Brainexplorer.Org’s “Brain Atlas”
Link: Lundbeck Institute, Brainexplorer.Org’s “Brain Atlas” (HTML)
Instructions: Click the link above to navigate to the webpage. From the menu near the top, choose “Forebrain,” then “Midbrain,” and then “Hindbrain,” and read the descriptions of these three important brain regions. NOTE: This resource applies to all of subsection 2.4.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Web Media: YouTube: Medical Legal Art’s “Brain Anatomy and Functions”
Link: YouTube: Medical Legal Art’s “Brain Anatomy and Functions” (YouTube)
Instructions: Click the link above to navigate to the webpage and start the video.
Watching this video should take approximately 3 minutes.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: McGill University’s “The Brain from Top to Bottom: The Brain, The Nervous System”
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2.4.1 The Forebrain
- Reading: Lundbeck Institute’s “Brain Atlas: Forebrain”
Link: Lundbeck Institute’s “Brain Atlas: Forebrain” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and read the entire main text. Use the links on the left in the box labeled “More maps of the brain” to see more detailed views of brain structures. Roll your mouse over the brain images to view labels for the different brain areas.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Lundbeck Institute’s “Brain Atlas: Forebrain”
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2.4.2 The Midbrain
- Reading: Lundbeck Institute’s “Brain Atlas: Midbrain”
Link: Lundbeck Institute’s “Brain Atlas: Midbrain” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and read the entire main text. Use the links on the left in the box labeled “More maps of the brain” to see more detailed views of brain structures. Roll your mouse over the brain images to view labels for the different brain areas.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Lundbeck Institute’s “Brain Atlas: Midbrain”
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2.4.3 The Hindbrain
- Reading: Lundbeck Institute’s “Brain Atlas: Hindbrain”
Link: Lundbeck Institute’s “Brain Atlas: Hindbrain” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and read the entire main text. Use the links on the left in the box labeled “More maps of the brain” to see more detailed views of brain structures. Roll your mouse over the brain images to view labels for the different brain areas.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Lundbeck Institute’s “Brain Atlas: Hindbrain”
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2.4.4 The Diencephalon
- Web Media: YouTube: Ben Brahim Mohammed’s “Anatomy of the Brain: Diencephalon, Thalamus and Hypothalamus”
Link: YouTube: Ben Brahim Mohammed’s “Anatomy of the Brain: Diencephalon, Thalamus and Hypothalamus” (YouTube)
Instructions: Click the link above to navigate to the webpage and start the video.
Watching this video should take approximately 5 minutes.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Web Media: YouTube: Ben Brahim Mohammed’s “Anatomy of the Brain: Diencephalon, Thalamus and Hypothalamus”
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2.4.5 The Basal Ganglia
- Web Media: YouTube: GeneEd’s “Anatomy and Diseases of the Basal Ganglia”
Link: YouTube: GeneEd’s “Anatomy and Diseases of the Basal Ganglia” (YouTube)
Instructions: Click the link above to navigate to the webpage and start the video.
Watching this video should take approximately 2 minutes.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Web Media: YouTube: GeneEd’s “Anatomy and Diseases of the Basal Ganglia”
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2.4.6 The Limbic System
- Web Media: YouTube: dizzo95’s “How the Body Works: Units of the Limbic System”
Link: YouTube: dizzo95’s “How the Body Works: Units of the Limbic System” (YouTube)
Instructions: Click the link above to navigate to the webpage and start the video.
Watching this video should take approximately 1 minute.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Web Media: YouTube: dizzo95’s “How the Body Works: Center of Emotion and Memory”
Link: YouTube: dizzo95’s “How the Body Works: Center of Emotion and Memory” (YouTube)
Instructions: Click the link above to navigate to the webpage and start the video.
Watching this video should take approximately 3 minutes.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Web Media: YouTube: dizzo95’s “How the Body Works: Units of the Limbic System”
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2.4.7 The Neocortex
- Reading: Dartmouth Medical School: Dr. Rand Swenson’s “Review of Clinical and Functional Neuroscience: Chapter 11”
Link: Dartmouth Medical School: Dr. Rand Swenson’s “Review of Clinical and Functional Neuroscience: Chapter 11” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage. Read the sections titled “General Organization” and “The Neocortex.”
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Dartmouth Medical School: Dr. Rand Swenson’s “Review of Clinical and Functional Neuroscience: Chapter 11”
- 2.5 The Crossed Brain
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2.5.1 Ipsilateral vs. Contralateral Control
- Web Media: Pearson Education’s “Live!psych: Hemispheric Specialization”
Link: Pearson Education’s “Live!psych: Hemispheric Specialization” (Adobe Flash)
Instructions: Click the link above to navigate to the webpage. Click the links on the left to view all four (4) sections. Note that some sections have more than one screen (see the right-pointing triangle at the lower right).
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Web Media: Pearson Education’s “Live!psych: Hemispheric Specialization”
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2.5.2 The Vision System and Contralateral Control: A Complex Example
- Reading: University of Utah School of Medicine: “The Visual System”
Link: University of Utah School of Medicine: “The Visual System” (HTML)
Instructions: Read this article to learn about the organization of the visual system, including major anatomical components, and the neuroanatomy of two major visual reflexes, the pupillary light reflex, and the near response.
Reading this article should take approximately 45 minutes.
Terms of Use: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 2.5 Generic License. It is attributed to the University of Utah, and the original version can be found here.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Web Media: YouTube: dizzo95’s “How the Body Works: The Visual Mechanism”
Link: YouTube: dizzo95’s “How the Body Works: The Visual Mechanism” (YouTube)
Instructions: Click the link above to navigate to the webpage and start the video.
Watching this video should take approximately 2 minutes.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: University of Utah School of Medicine: “The Visual System”
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2.5.3 The Corpus Callosum and Crossing Information
- Web Media: MedicaLook’s “The Cerebrum”
Link: MedicaLook’s “The Cerebrum” (HTML and YouTube Video)
Instructions: Click the link above to navigate to the webpage. Scroll down to near the bottom of the page where you will see two rows of three (3) brain images each. Click the first image in the bottom rowand start the video.
Watching this video should take approximately 3 minutes.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Web Media: MedicaLook’s “The Cerebrum”
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Unit 3: Neurons, Neurotransmitters, and Receptors
Now that you are familiar with the structure of the brain, you will learn how it works. We will begin with tbe building blocks of brain functionality: neurons, or brain cells responsible for the transmission of information from one cell to another. We will then take a look at how cells in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system function in order to better understand the way in which information is transmitted throughout our bodies. You will also learn how electrical activity enables the transmission of neural information, discussing the roles that neurotransmitters and receptors play in this process.
Unit 3 Time Advisory show close
Unit 3 Learning Outcomes show close
- 3.1 The Structure of a Neuron
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3.1.1 Neural Structural Overview
- Web Media: Pearson Education’s “Live!psych: Neuron Structure”
Link: Pearson Education’s “Live!psych: Neuron Structure” (Adobe Flash)
Instructions: Click the link above to navigate to the webpage. Click the link on the left to start the animation, and view all four (4) screens (see the right-pointing triangle at the lower right).
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Web Media: Pearson Education’s “Live!psych: Neuron Structure”
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3.1.2 The Cell and Energy: Its Creation and Use of Energy
- Reading: Ashland University: Professor Karen Stine’s “Cells and Energy”
Link: Ashland University: Professor Karen Stine’s “Cells and Energy” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and read the entire main text.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Ashland University: Professor Karen Stine’s “Cells and Energy”
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3.1.3 The Cell Membrane: The Gatekeeper to the Cell
- Reading: Phfr, Inc.’s “Pivotal Role of Nerve Cell Membranes”
Link: Phfr, Inc.’s “Pivotal Role of Nerve Cell Membranes” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and read the entire main text.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Phfr, Inc.’s “Pivotal Role of Nerve Cell Membranes”
-
3.1.4 The Nucleus
- Web Media: YouTube: Joe Meyer and Anthony Constantino’s “The Nucleus and Company”
Link: YouTube: Joe Meyer and Anthony Constantino’s “The Nucleus and Company” (YouTube)
Instructions: Click the link above to navigate to the webpage and start the video.
Watching this video should take approximately 6 minutes.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Web Media: YouTube: Joe Meyer and Anthony Constantino’s “The Nucleus and Company”
-
3.1.5 The Importance of Protein Synthesis and Membrane Proteins
- Reading: On the Brain, Dr. Marina Chicurel and Dr. Christopher DeFranco’s “The Inner Life of Neurons”
Link: On the Brain, Dr. Marina Chicurel and Dr. Christopher DeFranco’s “The Inner Life of Neurons” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and read the entire main text.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: On the Brain, Dr. Marina Chicurel and Dr. Christopher DeFranco’s “The Inner Life of Neurons”
- 3.2 The Neuron’s Electrical Activity
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3.2.1 What Is an Ion and How Is It Important?
- Reading: WiseGeeks.com’s “What Is an ion?”
Link: WiseGeeks.com’s “What Is an ion?” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and read the entire main text.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: WiseGeeks.com’s “What Is an ion?”
-
3.2.2 Ion Movement: Crossing the Cell Membrane
- Web Media: University of Central Lancashire’s “Membrane Protein: Ion Channel”
Link: University of Central Lancashire’s “Membrane Protein: Ion Channel” (Adobe Flash)
Instructions: Click the link above to navigate to the webpage and watch the brief demonstration.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Web Media: University of Central Lancashire’s “Calcium Channel”
Link: University of Central Lancashire’s “Calcium Channel” (Adobe Flash)
Instructions: Click the link above to navigate to the webpage and watch the brief demonstration. Click and hold the “What’s this?” button for image labels.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Web Media: University of Central Lancashire’s “Sodium Channel”
Link: University of Central Lancashire’s “Sodium Channel” (Adobe Flash)
Instructions: Click the link above to navigate to the webpage and watch the brief demonstration. Click and hold the “What’s this?” button for image labels.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Web Media: University of Central Lancashire’s “Membrane Protein: Ion Channel”
-
3.2.3 The Resting Potential
- Web Media: Sumanas, Inc.’s “The Resting Membrane Potential”
Link: Sumanas, Inc.’s “The Resting Membrane Potential” (Adobe Flash)
Instructions: Click the link above to navigate to the webpage. Choose “Narrated” and then click the blue “Play” button to watch the entire video.
Watching this video should take approximately 5 minutes.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Web Media: Sumanas, Inc.’s “The Resting Membrane Potential”
-
3.2.4 The Action Potential
- Web Media: Sumanas, Inc.’s “The Action Potential”
Link: Sumanas, Inc.’s “The Action Potential” (Adobe Flash)
Instructions: Click the link above to navigate to the webpage. Choose “Narrated” and then click the blue “Play” button to watch the entire video.
Watching this video should take approximately 5 minutes.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Web Media: Sumanas, Inc.’s “The Action Potential”
-
3.2.5 Graded and Local Potentials
- Web Media: University of Central Lancashire’s “EPSP IPSP and Summation”
Link: University of Central Lancashire’s “EPSP IPSP and Summation” (Adobe Flash)
Instructions: Click the link above to navigate to the webpage and watch the brief demonstration. It will repeat indefinitely.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Web Media: University of Central Lancashire’s “EPSP IPSP and Summation”
-
3.2.6 Electrical Activity in an Axon
- Web Media: YouTube: Johnson County Community College’s “The Schwann Cell and Action Potential”
Link: YouTube: Johnson County Community College’s “The Schwann Cell and Action Potential” (YouTube)
Instructions: Click the link above to navigate to the webpage and start the video. NOTE: This resource applies to subsections 3.2.6 through 3.2.8.
Watching this video should take approximately 5 minutes.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Web Media: YouTube: Johnson County Community College’s “The Schwann Cell and Action Potential”
- 3.2.7 Nodes of Ranvier
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3.2.8 Saltatory Conduction and Myelin Sheaths
- Web Media: University of Central Lancashire’s “Propagation of the Action Potential: Saltatory Conduction”
Link: University of Central Lancashire’s “Propagation of the Action Potential: Saltatory Conduction” (Adobe Flash)
Instructions: Click the link above to navigate to the webpage and watch the brief demonstration.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Web Media: University of Central Lancashire’s “Propagation of the Action Potential: Saltatory Conduction”
-
3.3 Communication Between Neurons
- Web Media: Pearson Education’s “Live!psych: Chemical Messengers”
Link: Pearson Education’s “Live!psych: Chemical Messengers” (Adobe Flash)
Instructions: Click the link above to navigate to the webpage. Click the links on the left to view all eleven (11) sections. Note that some sections have more than one screen (see theright-pointing triangle at the lower right). NOTE: This resource applies to subsections 3.3.1 through 3.3.7.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Web Media: Pearson Education’s “Live!psych: Chemical Messengers”
- 3.3.1 What is a Neurotransmitter?
- 3.3.2 Synaptic Structure: The Gaps in Transmission
- 3.3.3 The Types of Synapses
- 3.3.4 Neurotransmitter Storage and Synthesis
- 3.3.5 The Release of Neurotransmitters into the Synapse
- 3.3.6 Neurotransmitters and Receptors: A Perfect Match
- 3.3.7 Transmission in the Central Nervous System vs. Transmission in the Peripheral Nervous System
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3.3.8 How to Stop Neurotransmission: The Deactivation of a Neurotransmitter
- Reading: University of Texas, School of Pharmacy’s “Drugs Interfere with Neurotransmitters”
Link: University of Texas, School of Pharmacy’s “Drugs Interfere with Neurotransmitters” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and read the entire main text.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: University of Texas, School of Pharmacy’s “Drugs Interfere with Neurotransmitters”
- 3.4 Important Neurotransmitters
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3.4.1 Acetylcholine
- Reading: McGill University’s “The Brain from Top to Bottom: Neurotransmitters”
Link: McGill University’s “The Brain from Top to Bottom: Neurotransmitters” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and read the entire main text. NOTE: This resource applies to subsections 3.4.3 through 3.4.6.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: McGill University’s “The Brain from Top to Bottom: Neurotransmitters”
- 3.4.2 Serotonin
- 3.4.3 Dopamine
- 3.4.4 Norepinephrine
- 3.4.5 GABA (Gamma-Aminobutyric acid)
- 3.4.6 Glutamate
- 3.5 Receptor Types
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3.5.1 Ionotropic Receptors
- Web Media: YouTube: Interactive Biology’s “Two Types of Receptors”
Link: YouTube: Interactive Biology’s “Two Types of Receptors” (YouTube)
Also available in:
Adobe Flash
Instructions: Click the link above to navigate to the webpage and start the video. NOTE: This resource applies to subsections 3.5.1 and 3.5.2.
Watching this video should take approximately 10 minutes.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: psychology.jrank.org’s “How Do Neurotransmitters Work?”
Link: psychology.jrank.org’s “How Do Neurotransmitters Work?” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and read the entire main text. NOTE: This resource applies to subsections 3.5.1 through 3.5.3.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Web Media: YouTube: Interactive Biology’s “Two Types of Receptors”
- 3.5.2 Metabotropic Receptors
- 3.5.3 Immediate vs. Secondary Effects: Receptor-Type and Latency until Effect
-
Unit 4: Methods for Studying Brain Function
This unit will focus on the different brain technologies and techniques that have been developed to facilitate the study of brain functioning. You will learn that the development of these technologies (which include MRIs, PETs, and EEGs) has greatly advanced the field of neuropsychology, enabling researchers to collect crucial and groundbreaking information about the brain and its processes.
Unit 4 Time Advisory show close
Unit 4 Learning Outcomes show close
- 4.1 Imaging and Recording Electrical Activity
-
4.1.1 EEG Recording
- Reading: PBS.org’s The Secret Life of the Brain, “Scanning the Brain”
Link: PBS.org’s The Secret Life of the Brain, “Scanning the Brain” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage. Click the links on the right for each of the five (5) brain scanning technologies, in turn. Follow the links on each subsequent page. NOTE: This resource applies to subsections 4.1.1 through 4.1.5.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: PBS.org’s The Secret Life of the Brain, “Scanning the Brain”
- 4.1.2 Computerized Tomography: CT Scans
- 4.1.3 Positron Emission Tomography: PET Scans
- 4.1.4 Magnetic Resonance Imagining: MRI Scans
- 4.1.5 MEG Recording
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4.1.6 Diffusion Tensor Imagining
- Reading: Caltech Brain Imaging Center’s Amy Chan, “Brief Description of DTI (Diffusion Tensor Imaging) Basic Principals and Applications (Such as the Mapping of Neural Tracts)”
Link: Caltech Brain Imaging Center’s Amy Chan, “Brief Description of DTI (Diffusion Tensor Imaging) Basic Principals and Applications (Such as the Mapping of Neural Tracts)” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and read the entire main text.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Caltech Brain Imaging Center’s Amy Chan, “Brief Description of DTI (Diffusion Tensor Imaging) Basic Principals and Applications (Such as the Mapping of Neural Tracts)”
- 4.2 Dynamic Imagining Techniques
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4.2.1 Functional Magnetic Resonance Imagining: fMRI Scans
- Reading: Discovery Fit & Health, Stephanie Watson’s “How fMRI Works”
Link: Discovery Fit& Health, Stephanie Watson’s “How fMRI Works” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and read all six (6) pages.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Discovery Fit & Health, Stephanie Watson’s “How fMRI Works”
-
4.2.2 Angiography
- Reading: Nervous System Diseases’ “Cerebral Angiogram”
Link: Nervous System Diseases’ “Cerebral Angiogram” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and read the entire main text.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Nervous System Diseases’ “Cerebral Angiogram”
- 4.3 Brain Stimulation
-
4.3.1 Intracranial Brain Stimulation
- Web Media: YouTube: antipin’s “Deep Brain Stimulations”
Link: YouTube: antipin’s “Deep Brain Stimulations” (YouTube)
Instructions: Click the link above to navigate to the webpage and start the video.
Watching this video should take approximately 1 minute.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Web Media: YouTube: antipin’s “Deep Brain Stimulations”
-
4.3.2 Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
- Web Media: YouTube: Boston University’s “Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation”
Link: YouTube: Boston University’s “Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation” (YouTube)
Instructions: Click the link above to navigate to the webpage and start the video.
Watching this video should take approximately 2 minutes.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Web Media: YouTube: Boston University’s “Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation”
-
4.3.3 ECT (Electro-Convulsive Therapy)
- Web Media: YouTube: Concept Media Nursing’s “Shock: Electroconvulsive Therapy”
Link: YouTube: Concept Media Nursing’s “Shock: Electroconvulsive Therapy” (YouTube)
Instructions: Click the link above to navigate to the webpage and start the video.
Watching this video should take approximately 3 minutes.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Web Media: YouTube: Concept Media Nursing’s “Shock: Electroconvulsive Therapy”
-
Unit 5: The Sensory Systems
This unit will explore the sensory system, a part of the nervous system that enables us to receive stimuli from the environment around us and conduct this information to the brain for processing.The sensory system enables us to taste, smell, hear, feel, and see sensory stimuli – and without these functions, we would have minimal interaction with the world around us.As such, our sensory systems are integral to daily functioning. This unit will introduce you to each of the different sensory systems, identifying the organization, function, and methods of information transduction for each.
Unit 5 Time Advisory show close
Unit 5 Learning Outcomes show close
- 5.1 General Principles of Sensory Systems
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5.1.1 Sensory Receptors: Nose, Mouth, Eyes, Ears, and Tongue
- Reading: Clinton Community College (SUNY): Dr. Michael Gregory’s “Sensory Systems”
Link: Clinton Community College (SUNY): Dr. Michael Gregory’s “Sensory Systems” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and read the entire main text.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Clinton Community College (SUNY): Dr. Michael Gregory’s “Sensory Systems”
-
5.1.2 Transduction of Energy into Information
- Reading: Springfield Technical Community College: Dr. Dawn A. Tamarkin’s “Sensory Receptors”
Link: Springfield Technical Community College: Dr. Dawn A. Tamarkin’s “Sensory Receptors” (HTML).
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and then read the entire main text.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Springfield Technical Community College: Dr. Dawn A. Tamarkin’s “Sensory Receptors”
-
5.1.3 Self and Other: Exteroceptive vs. Interoceptive Receptors
- Reading: serendip.com’s “Proprioception: How and Why?”
Link: serendip.com’s “Proprioception: How and Why?” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and then read the entire main text.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: serendip.com’s “Proprioception: How and Why?”
-
5.1.4 Receptors Change: Rapidly Adapting Receptors
- Reading: Indiana University–Purdue University Fort Wayne: Dr. Bruce Abbott’s “Sensory Adaptation”
Link: Indiana University–Purdue University Fort Wayne: Dr. Bruce Abbott’s “Sensory Adaptation” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and then read the entire main text.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Indiana University–Purdue University Fort Wayne: Dr. Bruce Abbott’s “Sensory Adaptation”
-
5.1.5 Neural Relays
- Reading: Biology Online’s “Sensory Systems”
Link: Biology Online’s “Sensory Systems” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and then read the entire main text. NOTE: This resource applies to subsections 5.1.5 and 5.1.6.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Biology Online’s “Sensory Systems”
- 5.1.6 The Coding of Sensory Information
- 5.2 Vision
-
5.2.1 Photoreceptors: Rods and Cones
- Web Media: Pearson Education’s “Live!psych: A Tour Through the Eye”
Link: Pearson Education’s “Live!psych: A Tour Through the Eye” (Adobe Flash)
Instructions: Click the link above to navigate to the webpage. The animation has eight (8) parts. You may skip directly to part #5 and watch parts #5 - #8. Alternatively, watch all eight (8) parts for an excellent review of the structure of the eye.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above document and webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Web Media: Pearson Education’s “Live!psych: A Tour Through the Eye”
-
5.2.2 Visual Pathways: The Optic Chiasm
- Web Media: Sumanas, Inc.’s “Visual Pathways in the Human Brain”
Link: Sumanas, Inc.’s “Visual Pathways in the Human Brain” (Adobe Flash)
Instructions: Click the link above to navigate to the webpage. Choose the “Narrated” or “Step-Through” link to view the animation. NOTE: This resource applies to subsections 5.2.2 and 5.2.3.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above document and webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Web Media: Sumanas, Inc.’s “Visual Pathways in the Human Brain”
-
5.2.3 The Optic Nerves and the Primary Visual Cortex
- Reading: The University of Texas Medical School at Houston: Valentin Dragoi’s “Visual Processing: Cortical Pathways”
Link: Neuroscience Online, Valentin Dragoi’s “Visual Processing: Cortical Pathways” (HTML).
Instructions: Click the link above to navigate to the webpage and then read the entire main text.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above document and webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: The University of Texas Medical School at Houston: Valentin Dragoi’s “Visual Processing: Cortical Pathways”
- 5.3 Hearing
-
5.3.1 Frequency, Amplitude, and Complexity of Airwaves
- Reading: Hanover College: Professor John H. Krantz’s “Experiencing Sensation and Perception”
Link: Hanover College: Professor John Krantz’s “Experiencing Sensation and Perception” (PDF)
Instructions: Click the text link for “Chapter 10: Fundamentals of Audition” and save the PDF document called “Chapter10.pdf” to your computer. Read pages #2 to #5. NOTE: This document is in a continuous state of updating. Ignore the internal notes, such as “[need illustration here],” for example. Most of the referenced figures are included at the end of the document; it is okay if not all the figures are available.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage and document.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Hanover College: Professor John H. Krantz’s “Experiencing Sensation and Perception”
-
5.3.2 The Structure of the Ear: Inner, Middle, and Outer
- Web Media: YouTube: Brandon Pletsch’s “Auditory Transduction”
Link: YouTube: Brandon Pletsch’s “Auditory Transduction” (YouTube)
Instructions: Click the link above to navigate to the webpage and start the video.
Watching this video should take approximately 7 minutes.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above document and webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Web Media: YouTube: Brandon Pletsch’s “Auditory Transduction”
-
5.3.3 The Importance of the Cochlea and Hair Cells
- Reading: Georgia State University’s “HyperPhysics: The Cochlea”
Link: Georgia State University’s “HyperPhysics: The Cochlea” (HTML).
Instructions: Click the link above to navigate to the webpage and then read the main text.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage and document.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Web Media: University of Pennsylvania Health System’s Medical Animation Library’s “Hearing and the Cochlea”
Link: University of Pennsylvania Health System’s Medical Animation Library’s “Hearing and the Cochlea” (Quicktime)
Instructions: Click the link above to navigate to the webpage and watch the animation.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage and document.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Georgia State University’s “HyperPhysics: The Cochlea”
-
5.3.4 The Primary Auditory Cortex
- Reading: Georgia State University’s “HyperPhysics: The Auditory Nerve”
Link: Georgia State University’s “HyperPhysics: The Auditory Nerve” (HTML)
Instructions: Click the link above to navigate to the webpage and read the text for all sections. NOTE: This resourceapplies to subsections 5.3.4 and 5.3.5.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage and document.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Georgia State University’s “HyperPhysics: The Auditory Nerve”
- 5.3.5 Auditory Pathways
-
5.3.6 Contralateral Control
- Web Media: YouTube: dizzo95’s “How the Body Works: The Auditory Pathways”
Link: YouTube: dizzo95’s “How the Body Works: The Auditory Pathways” (YouTube)
Also available in:
Adobe Flash
Instructions: Click the link above to navigate to the webpage and start the video.
Watching this video should take approximately 2 minutes.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.
See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Web Media: YouTube: dizzo95’s “How the Body Works: The Auditory Pathways”
- 5.4 Touch
-
5.4.1 Somatosensory Receptors
- Web Media: Sumanas, Inc.’s “Receptors in the Skin”
Link: Sumanas, Inc.’s “Receptors in the Skin” (Adobe Flash)
Instructions: Click the link above to navigate to the webpage. Choose the “Narrated”or “Step-Through”link to view the animation”
Watching this video should take approximately 2 minutes.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above document and webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Web Media: Sumanas, Inc.’s “Receptors in the Skin”
-
5.4.2 Nocioception: Pain and Temperature
- Web Media: YouTube: pchopra123’s “Pain Pathway”
Link: YouTube’s pchopra123’s “Pain Pathway” (YouTube)
Instructions: Click the link above to navigate to the webpage and start the video.
Watching this video should take approximately 3 minutes.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Web Media: YouTube: pchopra123’s “Pain Pathway”
-
5.4.3 Hapsis: Fine Touch and Pressure
- Reading: S. J. Lederman and R. L. Klatzky’s “Haptic Perception: A tutorial”
Link: S. J. Lederman and R. L. Klatzky’s “Haptic Perception: A tutorial” (PDF)
Instructions: Click the link above and scroll down to Lederman, S. J., & Klatzky, R. L. (2009): Haptic perception: A tutorial. Open the PDF document. We recommend that you save the document to your computer. Be sure to read the entire document.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage and document.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: S. J. Lederman and R. L. Klatzky’s “Haptic Perception: A tutorial”
-
5.4.4 Proprioception: Body Awareness and Balance
- Reading: serendip.com’s “Proprioception: How and Why?”
Link: serendip.com’s “Proprioception: How and Why?” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and then read the entire main text.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: serendip.com’s “Proprioception: How and Why?”
-
5.4.5 The Somatosensory Pathways
- Reading: Boundless: “Somatosensory System”
Link: Boundless: “Somatosensory System” (PDF)
Instructions: Read this article to learn about the somatosensory system, including general organization of neuronal structure and processing, somatosensory pathways, and mapping primary areas. Note tactile and proprioceptive sensations and the anatomical and physiological influences behind each.
Reading this article should take approximately 1 hour and 30 minutes.
Terms of Use: This resource is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. It is attributed to Boundless, and the original version can be found here.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Boundless: “Somatosensory System”
-
5.4.6 The Homuncular and the Somatosensory Cortex
- Reading: MD Anderson Cancer Center: Patrick Dougherty’s “Somatosensory Processes”
Link: MD Anderson Cancer Center: Patrick Dougherty’s “Somatosensory Processes” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and then read the entire main text.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: MD Anderson Cancer Center: Patrick Dougherty’s “Somatosensory Processes”
-
5.4.7 The Vestibular System: Movement and Balance
- Web Media: YouTube: dizzo95’s “How the Body Works: The Organs of Balance”
Link: YouTube: dizzo95’s “How the Body Works: The Organs of Balance” (YouTube)
Instructions: Click the link above to navigate to the webpage and start the video.
Watching this video should take approximately 2 minutes.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Web Media: YouTube: dizzo95’s “How the Body Works: The Organs of Balance”
- 5.5 Taste and Smell
-
5.5.1 Chemical Receptors: Taste Buds and Olfactory Epithelium
- Reading: Stanford University: Professor Lera Boroditsky’s “Taste, Smell, and Touch: Lecture Notes”
Link: Stanford University: Professor Lera Boroditsky’s “Taste, Smell, and Touch: Lecture Notes” (HTML)
Instructions: Click the link above to navigate to the webpage and read sections “I: Taste” and “II: Smell.” Do not be concerned if some of the links to figures and illustrations do not work.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage and document.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: BBC’s Science and Nature: Human Body and Mind: “Nervous System—Taste”
Link: BBC’s Science and Nature: Human Body and Mind: “Nervous System—Taste” (HTML and Adobe Flash)
Instructions: Click the link above to navigate to the webpage and then read the main text. In addition, click the “Taste Animation” link and flip through the animation using the yellow, right-pointing triangle.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Stanford University: Professor Lera Boroditsky’s “Taste, Smell, and Touch: Lecture Notes”
-
5.5.2 Gustatory Pathways
- Reading: West Virginia University: Mandy Hatfield’s (for Professor Kevin Daly) “The Gustatory Pathway”
Link: West Virginia University, Mandy Hatfield’s (for Professor Kevin Daly) “The Gustatory Pathway” (PowerPoint)
Instructions: Click the link above to open the webpage, and find the text/link called “Taste” (third section from the top of the page). Open or download this PowerPoint document and view all the slides.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above document and webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: West Virginia University: Mandy Hatfield’s (for Professor Kevin Daly) “The Gustatory Pathway”
-
5.5.3 Olfactory Pathways
- Reading: West Virginia University: Faizan Kalwar’s (for Professor Kevin Daly) “The Olfactory Pathway”
Link: West Virginia University, Faizan Kalwar’s (for Professor Kevin Daly) “The Olfactory Pathway” (PowerPoint)
Instructions: Click the link above to open the webpage, and find the text/link called “Olfactory” (third section from the top of the page). Open or download this PowerPoint document and view all the slides.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above document and webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: West Virginia University: Faizan Kalwar’s (for Professor Kevin Daly) “The Olfactory Pathway”
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Unit 6: The Motor System
Physical movement of any sort is a complex act requiring the seamless coordination of multiple body systems. Considering the millions of ways in which your body moves on a daily basis, the motor system may well be one of the most complex systems in the body. In this unit, we will study this system, exploring the ways it controls different movements and identifying the areas of the brain that participate in that process.
Unit 6 Time Advisory show close
Unit 6 Learning Outcomes show close
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6.1 The Initiation of Movement
- Reading: Dartmouth Medical School: Dr. Rand Swenson’s “Review of Clinical and Functional Neuroscience: Chapter 8E”
Link: Dartmouth Medical School: Dr. Rand Swenson’s “Review of Clinical and Functional Neuroscience: Chapter 8A” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and then read the entire page. NOTE: This resource applies to all of section 6.1.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Dartmouth Medical School: Dr. Rand Swenson’s “Review of Clinical and Functional Neuroscience: Chapter 8E”
- 6.1.1 The Posterior, Prefrontal, and Premotor Cortices
- 6.1.2 The Primary Motor Cortex
- 6.1.3 Electrical Stimulation of the Primary Motor Cortex
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6.2 Movement Sequences
- Reading: John Hopkins University: James Knierim’s “Motor Units and Muscle Receptors”
Link: John Hopkins University: James Knierim’s “Motor Units and Muscle Receptors” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and then read the entire main text. NOTE: This resource applies to all of subsection 6.2.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: John Hopkins University: James Knierim’s “Motor Cortex”
Link: John Hopkins University: James Knierim’s “Motor Cortex” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and then read the entire main text. NOTE: This resource applies to all of section 6.2.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: John Hopkins University: James Knierim’s “Motor Units and Muscle Receptors”
- 6.2.1 Movement not Muscular Control
- 6.2.2 The Movement Lexicon
- 6.2.3 Movement Force and Direction: Motor-Cortex
- 6.2.4 Mirroring Movement: Mirror Neurons
- 6.2.5 The Prefrontal and Posterior Cortices: Direct Responses and Changes to Movement Due to Sensory Information
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6.3 The Brainstem and Motor Control
- Reading: John Hopkins University: James Knierim’s “Basal Ganglia”
Link: John Hopkins University: James Knierim’s “Basal Ganglia” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and then read the entire main text. NOTE: This resource applies to all of section 6.3.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: John Hopkins University: James Knierim’s “Basal Ganglia”
- 6.3.1 The Basal Ganglia and Movement Force
- 6.3.2 Basal Ganglia Connections: Caudate, Globlus Pallidus, Thalamus, and Cortex
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6.3.3 Motor Learning and the Cerebellum
- Reading: John Hopkins University: James Knierim’s “Cerebellum”
Link: The John Hopkins University: James Knierim’s “Cerebellum” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and then read the entire main text. NOTE: This resource applies to subsections 6.3.3 and 6.3.4.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: John Hopkins University: James Knierim’s “Cerebellum”
- 6.3.4 Movement Accuracy
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6.4 Communicating with the Spinal Cord
- Reading: Dartmouth Medical School: Dr. Rand Swenson’s “Review of Clinical and Functional Neuroscience: Chapter 8A”
Link: Dartmouth Medical School: Dr. Rand Swenson’s “Review of Clinical and Functional Neuroscience: Chapter 8A” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and then read the entire page. NOTE: This resource applies to all of section 6.4.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Dartmouth Medical School: Dr. Rand Swenson’s “Review of Clinical and Functional Neuroscience: Chapter 8A”
- 6.4.1 Corticospinal-Tract Pathway
- 6.4.2 Lateral vs. Ventral Corticospinal Pathway
- 6.4.3 Motor Neurons and their Connections
- 6.4.4 Contralateral Connections and Control
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Unit 7: Cerebral Asymmetry
You may know that the brain is comprised of two hemispheres, the left and the right. You may not know that these two sides function independently of each other in certain ways. Though we are not fully aware of the reasons for this asymmetry, psychologists believe that an understanding of the laterallyspecific functions that each performs will further assist us in our quest to know how the brain controls certain behaviors. When we use the term “laterallyspecific,” we refer to those functions controlled by only one hemisphere. For example, we know that the left hemisphere fully controls the exercise of language. However, information generated by laterallyspecific functions is often shared with the other hemisphere. In fact, we frequently need the hemispheres to exchange laterallyspecific information in order to react appropriately. This unit will discuss these and other matters pertaining to the hemispheres and their respective functions.
Unit 7 Time Advisory show close
Unit 7 Learning Outcomes show close
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7.1 Anatomical Asymmetry
- Reading: Bryan Kolb and Ian Whishaw’s “Chapter 9: Principles of Cerebral Asymmetry”
Link: Bryan Kolb and Ian Whishaw’s “Chapter 9: Principles of Cerebral Asymmetry” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and then read the entire main text. NOTE: This resource applies to all of subsection 7.1.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Eran Zaidel’s “Brain Asymmetry”
Link: Eran Zaidel’s “Brain Asymmetry” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage. Near the top of the page, find the section titled “General Reading” and click the “Brain Asymmetry” link to open the Word document. We recommend that you save the document to your computer. Read from the start of the document through (and including) Section #3. NOTE: This resource applies to all of subsection 7.1.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Bryan Kolb and Ian Whishaw’s “Chapter 9: Principles of Cerebral Asymmetry”
- 7.1.1 Cerebral Asymmetry
- 7.1.2 Neuronal Asymmetry
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7.2 Behavioral Asymmetry
- Reading: Eran Zaidel’s “Brain Asymmetry”
Link: Eran Zaidel’s “Brain Asymmetry” (Microsoft Word)
Instructions: Click the link above, scroll down to click on the “Brain Asymmetry” link, and open the Word document. We recommend that you save the document to your computer. Read Section #4. NOTE: This resource applies to all of subsection 7.2.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Bryan Kolb and Ian Whishaw’s “Chapter 9: Principles of Cerebral Asymmetry”
Link: Bryan Kolb and IanWhishaw’s “Chapter 9: Principles of Cerebral Asymmetry” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and then read the entire main text. NOTE: This resource applies to all of subsection 7.2.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Eran Zaidel’s “Brain Asymmetry”
- 7.2.1 The Visual System and Asymmetry
- 7.2.2 The Auditory System and Asymmetry
- 7.2.3 The Somatosensory System and Asymmetry
- 7.2.4 The Motor System and Asymmetry
- 7.2.5 Brain Function and Laterality
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7.3 Handedness and Variations in Asymmetry
- Reading: Bryan Kolb and Ian Whishaw’s “Chapter 10: Variations in Cerebral Asymmetry”
Link: Bryan Kolb and IanWhishaw’s “Chapter 10: Variations in Cerebral Asymmetry” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and then read the entire main text. NOTE: This resource applies to all of subsection 7.3.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Indiana University: M. K. Holder’s “What Does Handedness Have to Do with Brain Lateralization (and Who Cares?)”
Link: Indiana University: M. K. Holder’s “What Does Handedness Have to do with Brain Lateralization (and Who Cares?)” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and then read the entire main text. NOTE: This resource applies to all of subsection 7.3.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.
See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: UCLA School of Medicine: Arthur W. Toga and Paul M. Thompson’s “Mapping Brain Asymmetry”
Link: UCLA School of Medicine: Arthur W. Toga and Paul M. Thompson’s “Mapping Brain Asymmetry” (PDF)
Instructions: Click the link above and open the PDF document. We recommend that you save the document to your computer. Read the entire document. NOTE: This resource applies to all of subsection 7.3
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Bryan Kolb and Ian Whishaw’s “Chapter 10: Variations in Cerebral Asymmetry”
- 7.3.1 Handedness:The Different Asymmetries Between Lefties and Righties
- 7.3.2 Theories of Hand Prevalence
- 7.3.3 Left-Handed Brain Organization
- 7.3.4 Cerebral Structures and Handedness
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7.4 Sex Differences and Variations in Asymmetry
- Reading: UCLA School of Medicine: Arthur W. Toga and Paul M. Thompson’s “Mapping Brain Asymmetry”
Link: UCLA School of Medicine: Arthur W. Toga and Paul M. Thompson’s “Mapping Brain Asymmetry” (PDF)
Instructions: Click the link above and open the PDF document. We recommend that you save the document to your computer. Be sure to read the entire document. NOTE: This resource applies to all of subsection 7.4.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Masters of Healthcare: Amber Hensley’s “10 Big Differences between Men’s and Women’s Brains”
Link: Masters of Healthcare: Amber Hensley’s “10 Big Differences between Men’s and Women’s Brains” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and then read the entire main text. NOTE: This resource applies to subsections 7.4.1 through 7.4.3.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: UCLA School of Medicine: Arthur W. Toga and Paul M. Thompson’s “Mapping Brain Asymmetry”
- 7.4.1 Behavioral Asymmetry in Women vs. Men
- 7.4.2 Cerebral Organization in Women vs. Men
- 7.4.3 Brain Structures and Sex Differences
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7.4.4 The Homosexual Brain: Hypothalamus Differences
- Reading: Dick F. Swaab’s “Sexual Orientation and its Basis in Brain Structure and Function”
Link: Dick F. Swaab’s “Sexual Orientation and its Basis in Brain Structure and Function” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and then read the entire main text.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Dick F. Swaab’s “Sexual Orientation and its Basis in Brain Structure and Function”
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Unit 8: Cortical Functions: The Occipital, Parietal, Temporal, and Frontal Lobes
For the purposes of study, neuropsychologists have divided our brains not only into hemispheres but different “lobes” or areas of the brain that control specific functions or groups of functions. By understanding the brain as a set of lobes, psychologists are able to more effectively discuss patients that have suffered damage to particular areas of the brain. This is because when apersonsustains damage to an individual lobe, he or she will often suffer damage to a specific system of the body, like the visual or motor system. This unit will present each of the lobes and their respective functions and anatomies, identifying common symptoms that arise when a lobe suffers damage.
Unit 8 Time Advisory show close
Unit 8 Learning Outcomes show close
- Web Media: YouTube: Interactive Biology’s “The 4 Lobes of the Cerebrum and their Functions”
Link: YouTube: Interactive Biology’s “The 4 Lobes of the Cerebrum and their Functions” (YouTube)
Instructions: Click the link above to navigate to the webpage and start the video. NOTE: This resource applies to all of Unit 8.
Watching this video should take approximately 3 minutes.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Web Media: YouTube: Medical Legal Art’s “Anatomy and Functional Areas of the Brain”
Link: YouTube: Medical Legal Art’s “Anatomy and Functional Areas of the Brain” (YouTube)
Also available in:
Adobe Flash
Instructions: Click the link above to navigate to the webpage and start the video. NOTE: This resource applies to all of Unit 8.
Watching this video should take approximately 3 minutes.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Web Media: YouTube: Interactive Biology’s “The 4 Lobes of the Cerebrum and their Functions”
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8.1 The Occipital Lobes
- Reading: Bryan Kolb and Ian Whishaw’s “Chapter 11: The Occipital Lobes”
Link: Bryan Kolb and Ian Whishaw’s “Chapter 11: The Occipital Lobes” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and then read the entire main text. NOTE: This resource applies to all of subsection 8.1.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Bryan Kolb and Ian Whishaw’s “Chapter 11: The Occipital Lobes”
- 8.1.1 Anatomy of the Occipital Lobes: Subdivisions and Connections with the Occipital Cortex
- 8.1.2 Occipital Lobe Functions: Visual Functioning
- 8.1.3 Visual Pathways beyond the Occipital Lobe
- 8.1.4 Disorders of the Occipital Lobes: Blindsight, Color Vision Loss, Perception of Movement Problems, and Scotoma
- 8.1.5 Visual Agnosia: Object and Other Agnosias
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8.2 The Parietal Lobes
- Reading: Bryan Kolb and Ian Whishaw’s “Chapter 12: The Parietal Lobes”
Link: Bryan Kolb and Ian Whishaw’s “Chapter 12: The Parietal Lobes” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and then read the entire main text. NOTE: This resource applies to all of subsection 8.2.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Bryan Kolb and Ian Whishaw’s “Chapter 12: The Parietal Lobes”
- 8.2.1 Anatomy of the Parietal Lobes: Subdivisions and Connections with the Parietal Cortex
- 8.2.2 Parietal Lobe Functions: Somatosensory Spatial Information
- 8.2.3 Somatosensory Thresholds
- 8.2.4 Disorders of the Parietal Lobes: Somatosensory Agnosia, Contralateral Neglect, Apraxia, and Balint’s Syndrome
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8.3 The Temporal Lobes
- Reading: Bryan Kolb and Ian Whishaw’s “Chapter 13: The Temporal Lobes”
Link: Bryan Kolb and Ian Whishaw’s “Chapter 13: The Temporal Lobes” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and then read the entire main text. NOTE: This resource applies to all of subsection 8.3.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Bryan Kolb and Ian Whishaw’s “Chapter 13: The Temporal Lobes”
- 8.3.1 Anatomy of the Temporal Lobes: Subdivisions and Connections with the Temporal Cortex
- 8.3.2 Temporal Lobe Functions: Biological Motion, Visual Processing, and Auditory Processing
- 8.3.3 Facial Recognition: Recognition of Specialized Material
- 8.3.4 Asymmetry of Temporal Lobe Functioning
- 8.3.5 Disorders of the Temporal Lobes: Auditory and Speech Perception Problems, Music and Visual Perception, Affect and Personality, Sexual Behavior Changes, and Memory Disturbances
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8.4 The Frontal Lobes
- Reading: Bryan Kolb and Ian Whishaw’s “Chapter 14: The Frontal Lobes”
Link: Bryan Kolb and Ian Whishaw's “Chapter 14: The Frontal Lobes” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and then read the entire main text. NOTE: This resource applies to all of subsection 8.4.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Bryan Kolb and Ian Whishaw’s “Chapter 14: The Frontal Lobes”
- 8.4.1 Anatomy of the Frontal Lobes: Subdivisions and Connections with the Frontal Cortex
- 8.4.2 Frontal Lobes and the Motor and Premotor Cortices
- 8.4.3 Frontal Lobe Functions: Premotor and Planning
- 8.4.4 Autonoetic Awareness: Knowledge of Self
- 8.4.5 Disorders of the Frontal Lobes: Impaired Motor Function, Social Deficits, Sexual Behavior Changes, Poor Temporal Memory
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Unit 9: Higher Functions
While there are many areas of neuropsychology that remain unexplained, we know shockingly little about the brain’s ability to control our higher functions or abilities like learning, memory, language, emotion, and consciousness. While psychologists classify these abilities as “nonessential,” since, unlike abilities like breathing or eating, we do not need them in order to survive, they remain important to our well-being. This final unit will focus on the different ways in which the brain controls these behaviors, identifying the problems that result when these behaviors are not performed.
Unit 9 Time Advisory show close
Unit 9 Learning Outcomes show close
- 9.1 Learning and Memory
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9.1.1 Long-Term Memory: Implicit vs. Explicit Memory Stores
- Reading: PositScience’s “Types of Memory”
Link: PositScience’s “Types of Memory” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and then read the entire main text.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: PositScience’s “Types of Memory”
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9.1.2 Explicit Memory: The Importance of the Hippocampus
- Reading: NewsMedical.net’s “What is the Hippocampus?”
Link: NewsMedical.net’s “What is the Hippocampus?” (HTML and Adobe Flash)
Video also available in:
YouTube
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and then read the entire main text. Once you have read the page, please watch the brief video clip.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: NewsMedical.net’s “Hippocampus Functions”
Link: NewsMedical.net’s “Hippocampus Functions” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and then read the entire main text.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: NewsMedical.net’s “What is the Hippocampus?”
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9.1.3 A Hemispheric Specialization for Explicit Memory
- Reading: crystalinks.com’s “Explicit Memory”
Link: crystalinks.com’s “Explicit Memory” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and then read the entire main text.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: crystalinks.com’s “Explicit Memory”
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9.1.4 The Perirhinal Cortex
- Reading: National Institute of Mental Health: Elisabeth A. Murray and Barry J. Richmond’s “Role of Perirhinal Cortex in Object Perception, Memory, and Associations”
Link: National Institute of Mental Health: Elisabeth A. Murray and Barry J. Richmond’s “Role of Perirhinal Cortex in Object Perception, Memory, and Associations” (PDF)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and open the PDF Role of peririhinal cortex in objective perception, memory, and associations Current Opinion in Neurobiology 11. We recommend that you save the document to your computer. Be sure to read the entire document.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: National Institute of Mental Health: Elisabeth A. Murray and Barry J. Richmond’s “Role of Perirhinal Cortex in Object Perception, Memory, and Associations”
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9.1.5 Implicit Memory: The Importance of the Basal Ganglia
- Reading: Johns Hopkins University: James Knierim’s “Basal Ganglia”
Link: Johns Hopkins University: JamesKnierim’s “Basal Ganglia” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and then read the entire main text.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Johns Hopkins University: James Knierim’s “Basal Ganglia”
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9.1.6 Motor Memories: The Motor Cortex and the Cerebellum
- Reading: Soichi Nagao’s “Discovering the Source of Long-Term Motor Memory”
Link: Soichi Nagao’s “Discovering the Source of Long-Term Motor Memory” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and then read the entire main text.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Soichi Nagao’s “Discovering the Source of Long-Term Motor Memory”
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9.1.7 Emotional Memory and the Amygdala
- Reading: Mempowered!’s “The Role of Emotion in Memory”
Link: Mempowered!’s “The Role of Emotion in Memory” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and then read the entire main text.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Mempowered!’s “The Role of Emotion in Memory”
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9.1.8 Short-Term Memory: Temporal and Frontal Lobes
- Reading: McGill University’s “The Brain from Top to Bottom: The Brain, Short-Term Memory”
Link: McGill University’s “The Brain from Top to Bottom: The Brain, Short-Term Memory” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and then read the entire main text.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: McGill University’s “The Brain from Top to Bottom: The Brain, Short-Term Memory”
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9.1.9 Learning through Amnesia: How We Learn Discovered from How We Forget
- Reading: McMaster University: Bruce Milliken’s “Amnesia”
Link: McMaster University: Bruce Milliken’s “Amnesia” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and then read the entire main text.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: McGill University’s “The Brain from Top to Bottom: The Brain, Types of Amnesia”
Link: McGill University’s “The Brain from Top to Bottom: The Brain, Types of Amnesia” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and then read the entire main text.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: McMaster University: Bruce Milliken’s “Amnesia”
- 9.1.10 Anterograde vs. Retrograde Amnesia
- 9.2 Language
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9.2.1 The Components of Language and Sound
- Reading: Robert H. Lavenda and Emily A. Schultz’s “Components of Language”
Link: Robert H. Lavenda and Emily A. Schultz’s “Components of Language” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and then read the entire main text.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Robert H. Lavenda and Emily A. Schultz’s “Components of Language”
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9.2.2 Precursors to Language
- Reading: Duquesne University: Martin Packer’s “Cognitive Precursors to Language”
Link: Duquesne University: Martin Packer’s “Cognitive Precursors to Language” (PDF)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpageand open the PDF titled Precursors, Cognitive. We recommend that you save the document to your computer. Be sure to read the entire document.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Duquesne University: Martin Packer’s “Cognitive Precursors to Language”
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9.2.3 Language as an Evolved Ability
- Reading: Think Quest’s “The Evolution of Language”
Link: Think Quest’s “The Evolution of Language” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage. Scroll down and read the entire main text.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Think Quest’s “The Evolution of Language”
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9.2.4 Multimodal Language Theory
- Reading: Joseph J. Mariani’s “Spoken Language Processing and Multimodal Communication: A View from Europe”
Link: Joseph J. Mariani’s “Spoken Language Processing and Multimodal Communication: A View from Europe” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and then read Section #8.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Joseph J. Mariani’s “Spoken Language Processing and Multimodal Communication: A View from Europe”
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9.2.5 Localization of Language: Lesion Studies
- Reading: Duke University: Bora Lee’s “The Biological Foundations of Language”
Link: Duke University, Bora Lee’s “The Biological Foundations of Language” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage. Read the section titled “Localization.”
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.The Saylor Foundation does not yet have materials for this portion of the course. If you are interested in contributing your content to fill this gap or aware of a resource that could be used here, please submit it here.
- Reading: Duke University: Bora Lee’s “The Biological Foundations of Language”
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9.2.6 Mapped Speech Zones in Imaging Studies
- Reading: Pélagie M. Beeson’s “Neuroimaging Research: Brain-Behavior Relationships and Language”
Link: Pélagie M. Beeson’s “Neuroimaging Research: Brain-Behavior Relationships and Language” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and then read the entire main text.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Pélagie M. Beeson’s “Neuroimaging Research: Brain-Behavior Relationships and Language”
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9.2.7 Aphasias and Language Disorders
- Reading: California State University: Patrick McCaffrey’s “The Fluent Aphasias”
Link: California State University: Patrick McCaffrey’s “The Fluent Aphasias” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and then read the entire main text. NOTE: This resource applies to subsections 9.2.7 and 9.2.8.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: California State University: Patrick McCaffrey’s “The Fluent Aphasias”
- 9.2.8 Cortical and Subcortical Components of Aphasia
- 9.3 Emotion
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9.3.1 What is a Feeling?: Emotions and Behavioral Response
- Reading: University of Rhode Island: Richard W. Scholl’s “Affective Motivation & Emotional Competency”
Link: University of Rhode Island: Richard W. Scholl’s “Affective Motivation & Emotional Competency” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and then read the entire main text.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: University of Rhode Island: Richard W. Scholl’s “Affective Motivation & Emotional Competency”
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9.3.2 The Production of Affective Behavior
- Reading: Gerald Schueler’s “Cognitive-Affective Bases of Behavior”
Link: Gerald Schueler’s “Cognitive-Affective Bases of Behavior” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and then read the entire main text.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use included on the above webpage.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Reading: Gerald Schueler’s “Cognitive-Affective Bases of Behavior”
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9.3.3 Personality Differences in Emotion and Brain Structures
- Reading: The New York Times: Sindya N. Bhanoo’s “Linking Personality to Brain Structure”
Link: The New York Times: Sindya N. Bhanoo’s “Linking Personality to Brain Structure” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and then read the entire main text.
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- Reading: The New York Times: Sindya N. Bhanoo’s “Linking Personality to Brain Structure”
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9.3.4 The Brain Circuitry for Emotions
- Reading: Júlio Rocha do Amaral and Jorge Martins de Oliveira’s “Limbic System: The Center of Emotions”
Link: Júlio Rocha do Amaral and Jorge Martins de Oliveira’s “Limbic System: The Center of Emotions” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and then read the entire main text.
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- Reading: Júlio Rocha do Amaral and Jorge Martins de Oliveira’s “Limbic System: The Center of Emotions”
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9.3.5 Asymmetry in Emotional Processing
- Reading: Nelson Alves, Sérgio Fukusima, and J. Antonio Aznar-Casanova’s “Models of Brain Asymmetry in Emotional Processing”
Link: Nelson Alves, Sérgio Fukusima, and J. Antonio Aznar-Casanova’s “Models of Brain Asymmetry in Emotional Processing” (PDF)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpageand open the PDF titled Models of brain asymmetry in emotional processing under the heading BEHAVIOR/SYSTEMS/COGNITION. We recommend that you save the document to your computer. Be sure to read the entire document.
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- Reading: Nelson Alves, Sérgio Fukusima, and J. Antonio Aznar-Casanova’s “Models of Brain Asymmetry in Emotional Processing”
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9.3.6 Temporal-Lobe Personality and Emotional Behaviors
- Reading: TemporalLobeEpilepsy.org’s “Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Personality”
Link: TemporalLobeEpilepsy.org’s “Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Personality” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and then read the entire main text.
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- Web Media: YouTube: Nova’s “Secrets of the Mind: Temporal Lobe Epilepsy”
Link: YouTube: Nova’s “Secrets of the Mind: Temporal Lobe Epilepsy” (YouTube)
Instructions: Click the link above to navigate to the webpage and start the video.
Watching this video should take approximately 10 minutes.
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- Reading: TemporalLobeEpilepsy.org’s “Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Personality”
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9.3.7 Social Cognitive Neuroscience: Understanding Others’ Actions, Minds, and Emotional Processes
- Reading: Beth Azar’s “At the Frontier of Science”
Link: Beth Azar’s “At the Frontier of Science” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and then read the entire main text.
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- Reading: Beth Azar’s “At the Frontier of Science”
- 9.4 Attention and Consciousness
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9.4.1 Attention: Automatic and Conscious Processing Compared
- Reading: Indiana University: Professor Gabriel Frommer’s “Controlled and Automatic Processing”
Link: Indiana University: Professor Gabriel Frommer’s “Controlled and Automatic Processing” (HTML)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and then read the entire main text.
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- Reading: Indiana University: Professor Gabriel Frommer’s “Controlled and Automatic Processing”
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9.4.2 Parallel Processing of Sensory Input
- Reading: Saul Mcleod’s “Information Processing”
Link: Saul Mcleod’s “Information Processing” (HTML)
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- Reading: Saul Mcleod’s “Information Processing”
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9.4.3 Networks and Mechanisms of Attention
- Web Media: Michael Posner’s “The Anatomy of Attentional Networks: A Historical Perspective on Attention Research”
Link: Michael Posner’s “The Anatomy of Attentional Networks: A Historical Perspective on Attention Research” (Adobe Flash)
Instructions: Click the link above to navigate to the webpage and start the video.
Watching this video should take approximately 20 minutes.
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- Web Media: Michael Posner’s “The Anatomy of Attentional Networks: A Historical Perspective on Attention Research”
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9.4.4 The Neural Basis of Consciousness
- Reading: California Institute of Technology: Christof Koch and Francis Crick’s “The Neural Basis of Consciousness”
Link: California Institute of Technology: Christof Koch and Francis Crick’s “The Neural Basis of Consciousness” (HTML)
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- Reading: California Institute of Technology: Christof Koch and Francis Crick’s “The Neural Basis of Consciousness”
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9.4.5 Cerebral Structures and Consciousness
- Reading: Rodolfo Llinas’ “An Introduction to the Physiology of Ordinary Consciousness”
Link: Rodolfo Llinas’ “An Introduction to the Physiology of Ordinary Consciousness” (HTML)
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- Reading: Rodolfo Llinas’ “An Introduction to the Physiology of Ordinary Consciousness”
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9.4.6 Emotional Processing and Consciousness
- Reading: Ralph D. Ellis and Natika Newton’s “The Interdependence of Consciousness and Emotion”
Link: Ralph D. Ellis and Natika Newton’s “The Interdependence of Consciousness and Emotion” (PDF)
Instructions: Use the link above to navigate to the webpage and open the PDF titled 01ell.pdf. We recommend that you save the document to your computer. Be sure to read the entire document.
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- Reading: Ralph D. Ellis and Natika Newton’s “The Interdependence of Consciousness and Emotion”
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Final Exam
- Final Exam: The Saylor Foundation’s “PSYCH402 Final Exam”
Link: The Saylor Foundation’s “PSYCH402 Final Exam”
Instructions: You must be logged into your Saylor Foundation School account in order to access this exam. If you do not yet have an account, you will be able to create one, free of charge, after clicking the link.See a broken link? Please let us know!
- Final Exam: The Saylor Foundation’s “PSYCH402 Final Exam”
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