Questions? Consult the FAQ's!
Course Question & Answer
Readings
-
1.1 Reading: HistoryDoctor.net: Dr. Larry E. Gates, Jr.’s “The Industrial Revolution in Britain”; Dr. Steven Kreis’s The History Guide: Lectures on Modern European Intellectual History: “Lecture 17: The Origins of the Industrial Revolution in England”; Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute: Joseph A. Montagna’s “The Industrial Revolution”
Links: HistoryDoctor.net: Dr. Larry E. Gates, Jr.’s “The Industrial Revolution in Britain” (HTML); Dr. Steven Kreis’s The History Guide: Lectures on Modern European Intellectual History: “Lecture 17: The Origins of the Industrial Revolution in England” (HTML); Yale-New Haven Teachers Institute: Joseph A. Montagna’s “The Industrial Revolution” (HTML)
Instructions: These readings cover the entirety of subunit 1.1, but will be supplemented by additional readings below as well. Please read Dr. Gates’ article in its entirety. This reading will provide you with a good overview of the origins and features of the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain. Then, read Dr. Kreis’s lecture on the Industrial Revolution in England, will help you to understand the causes of the industrialization of England. Finally, read Montagna’s article “The Industrial Revolution” in its entirety. This article will give you a sense of the many innovations and changes that characterized the Industrial Revolution.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
1.1.3 Reading: Fordham University’s Modern History Sourcebook: Paul Halsall’s version of William Radcliffe’s “On Power Looms, 1828”
Link: Fordham University’s Modern History Sourcebook:Paul Halsall’s version of William Radcliffe’s “On Power Looms, 1828” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read the entire webpage linked above. In this 1828 treatise, the textile manufacturer William Radcliffe describes the transformation of the English textile industry after the introduction of steam power. Radcliffe asserts that steam-powered looms had wide-ranging social and economic consequences.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
1.1.5 Reading: The Economic History Association’s “Child Labor during the British Industrial Revolution”
Link: The Economic History Association’s “Child Labor during the British Industrial Revolution” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read this text in its entirety. Pay special attention to how the British government responded to child labor.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
1.1.5 Reading: Fordham University’s Modern History Sourcebook: Paul Halsall’s version of “Women Miners in the English Coal Pits”
Link: Fordham University’s Modern History Sourcebook:Paul Halsall’s version of “Women Miners in the English Coal Pits”(HTML)
Instructions: Please read the entire webpage. In these two selections originally from Great Britain’s Parliamentary Papers,several female miners testify before Parliament about the horrible working conditions in coal mines in the 1800s.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
1.2 Reading: HistoryDoctor.net: Dr. Larry E. Gates, Jr.’s “Industrialization in Continental Europe”
Link: HistoryDoctor.net: Dr. Larry E. Gates, Jr.’s “Industrialization in Continental Europe” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read the entire webpage in order to get a good overview of the process of industrialization in continental Europe. Please note this text will cover concepts outlined in subunits 1.2.1-1.2.3.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
1.3 Reading: HistoryDoctor.net: Dr. Larry E. Gates, Jr.’s “Capitalism and the Working Class”
Link: HistoryDoctor.net: Dr. Larry E. Gates Jr.’s “Capitalism and the Working Class” (HTML)
Instructions: This reading also covers subunits 1.3.1-1.3.2. Please read the entire webpage in order to understand the impact of the Industrial Revolution on social classes and labor patterns.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
1.3.3 Reading: The Victorian Web: Laura Del Col’s version of the Sadler Committee’s “The Life of the Industrial Worker in Nineteenth Century England”
Link: The Victorian Web: Laura Del Col’s version of the Sadler Committee’s “The Life of the Industrial Worker in Nineteenth Century England” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read the entire webpage. In 1832, the British MP (Member of Parliament), Michael Sadler, formed the Sadler Committee in the House of Commons to investigate the horrible working conditions in British textile factories. The inquiry resulted in an 1833 law that limited the working hours of women and children in factories.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
1.3.4 Reading: Washington State University: Professor Paul Brians’ “Introduction to 19th-Century Socialism”
Link: Washington State University: Professor Paul Brians’ “Introduction to 19th-Century Socialism” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read this article in its entirety. Pay special attention to the efforts of capitalist to suppress all labor movements.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
2.1 Reading: HistoryDoctor.net: Dr. Larry E. Gates, Jr.’s “Urban Life on the Eve of the Twentieth Century”
Link: HistoryDoctor.net: Dr. Larry E. Gates, Jr.’s “Urban Life on the Eve of the Twentieth Century” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read the entire webpage linked here to get a sense of the challenges and problems faced by an increasingly urban European society. Please note that this reading covers material outlined in the sub-subunits 2.1.1-2.1.3.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
2.1.1 Reading: The University of North Carolina at Pembroke: Robert Brown’s “London in the Nineteenth Century”
Link: The University of North Carolina at Pembroke: Robert Brown’s “London in the Nineteenth Century” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read the entire lecture to get a sense of the “world city” of industrial London.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
2.1.2 Reading: Fordham University: Modern History Sourcebook: Paul Halsall’s version of Louis Pasteur’s “Extension of the Germ Theory”
Link: Fordham University: Modern History Sourcebook:Paul Halsall’s version of Louis Pasteur’s “Extension of the Germ Theory” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read the entire webpage. In this 1880 text, the French chemist and microbiologist Louis Pasteur links his “Germ Theory” to the development of certain diseases. Pasteur successfully proved that the growth of bacteria was due to biogenesis, not “spontaneous generation,” as Aristotle had theorized. Pasteur then linked the growth of bacteria to a number of human diseases, such as puerperal fever.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
2.2 Reading: HistoryDoctor.net: Dr. Larry E. Gates, Jr.’s “Rich, Poor, and Middle Class Life”
Link: HistoryDoctor.net: Dr. Larry E. Gates, Jr.’s “Rich, Poor, and Middle Class Life” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read the entire webpage for an overview of the various social classes that comprised European cities. Please note that this reading covers material outlined in subunits 2.2.1-2.2.3.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
2.2.2 Reading: Fordham University’s Modern History Sourcebook: Paul Halsall’s version of Charles W. Colby’s (ed.) “The Peterloo Massacre, 1819”
Link: Fordham University’s Modern History Sourcebook:Paul Halsall’s version of Charles W. Colby’s (ed.) “The Peterloo Massacre, 1819” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read the entire webpage. In this text, an observer describes the violence unleashed between the Lancashire militia and Manchester radicals who had come to listen to a speech given by the reformer Henry Hunt. The deadly event, known as Peterloo, was one of the defining moments of England’s reform era—with aristocratic and conservative Tories pitted against middle-class radicals.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
2.3 Reading: HistoryDoctor.net: Dr. Larry E. Gates, Jr.’s “The Changing European Family”
Link: HistoryDoctor.net: Dr. Larry E. Gates, Jr.’s “The Changing European Family” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read the entire webpage in order to get a sense of the rapidly evolving nature of marriage, sex, the family, and child rearing in nineteenth century Europe. Please note that this reading covers topics outlined in subunits 2.3.1-2.3.3.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
2.4 Reading: HistoryDoctor.net: Dr. Larry E. Gates, Jr.’s “Late Nineteenth Century Changes in Science and Thought”
Link: HistoryDoctor.net: Dr. Larry E. Gates, Jr.’s “Late Nineteenth Century Changes in Science and Thought” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read the entire webpage in order to get a sense of the innovations in the fields of science, social science, and literature during the Victorian era. Please note that this reading covers material for all of the sections under subunit 2.4.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
2.4.2 Reading: TalkOrigins Archive’s version of Charles Darwin’s The Origin of Species
Link: TalkOrigins Archive’s version of Charles Darwin’s The Origin of Species (HTML)
Instructions: Please read the entire webpage. Darwin’s 1859 treatise, a seminal work of scientific literature, laid the foundation for the field of evolutionary biology. Darwin theorizes that species evolve over generations through the process of natural selection. This was a radical idea in a time when most scientists believed that species were unchanging parts of a hierarchy designed by God.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
2.4.3 Reading: University of Virginia: The Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities’ “Realism and the Realist Novel”
Link: University of Virginia: The Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities’ “Realism and the Realist Novel” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read this webpage in its entirety and all embedded links in order to gain an insight into the realism that characterized the late nineteenth century literary landscape.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
3.2 Reading: HistoryDoctor.net: Dr. Larry E. Gates, Jr.’s “Post-Napoleonic Europe”
Link: HistoryDoctor.net: Dr. Larry E. Gates, Jr.’s “Post-Napoleonic Europe” (HTML)
Instructions: This reading covers subunits 3.2.1-3.2.2. Please read the entire webpage in order to get a sense of the political landscape of Europe in the wake of Napoleon’s defeat.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
3.2.3 Reading: St. Mary’s University: Professor Wallace Mills’s “Conservatism”
Link: St. Mary’s University: Professor Wallace Mills’s “Conservatism” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read all of the lecture notes on Professor Mills’s webpage for an introduction to Count Metternich and the birth of modern conservatism.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
3.3 Reading: HistoryDoctor.net: Dr. Larry E. Gates, Jr.’s “Liberalism, Nationalism, and Socialism”
Link: HistoryDoctor.net: Dr. Larry E. Gates, Jr.’s “Liberalism, Nationalism, and Socialism” (HTML)
Instructions: This reading also covers subunit 3.3.1. Please read the entire webpage linked above to gain an understanding of liberalism, nationalism, and the beginnings of socialism.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
3.3.2 Reading: Bartleby’s version of John Stuart Mill’s “On Liberty”
Link: Bartleby’s version of John Stuart Mill’s “On Liberty” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read the entire webpage, including the other chapters. This pamphlet, published in 1859, is one of Mill’s most famous expositions on liberalism in the nineteenth century. Mill believes that conservatism threatens the liberties of individuals—only liberalism can safeguard against tyranny.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
3.3.3 Reading: Fordham University’s Modern History Sourcebook: Paul Halsall’s version of Voltaire’s Patrie
Link: Fordham University’s Modern History Sourcebook:Paul Halsall’s version of Voltaire’s Patrie (HTML)
Instructions: Please read the entire webpage linked above. This entry, from Voltaire’s The Philosophical Dictionary,published in 1752, is an incisive attack on the provinciality of nationalism. Through this anecdote, Voltaire shows the actual and intellectual limits of nationalism and instead advocates for cosmopolitanism.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
3.3.4 Reading: Dr. Steven Kreis’s The History Guide: Lectures on Modern European Intellectual History: “Lecture 21: The Utopian Socialists: Charles Fourier” and “Lecture 22: The Utopian Socialists: Robert Owen and Saint-Simon”
Links: Dr. Steven Kreis’s The History Guide:Lectures on Modern European Intellectual History: “Lecture 21: The Utopian Socialists: Charles Fourier” (HTML) and “Lecture 22: The Utopian Socialists: Robert Owen and Saint-Simon” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read both of Dr. Kreis’s lectures 21 and 22 linked above. The first lecture will give you a sense of the advent of utopian socialism, particularly through the eyes of Charles Fourier. The second lecture provides information on the socialist ideas of Robert Owen and Claude-Henri de Saint-Simon.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
3.3.5 Reading: Dr. Steven Kreis’s The History Guide: Lectures on Modern European Intellectual History: “Lecture 24: The Age of Ideologies: Reflections on Karl Marx”
Link: Dr. Steven Kreis’s The History Guide:Lectures on Modern European Intellectual History: “Lecture 24: The Age of Ideologies: Reflections on Karl Marx” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read the entire webpage to get a sense of Karl Marx and the birth of Marxism.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
3.4 Reading: Dr. Steven Kreis’s The History Guide: Lectures on Modern European Intellectual History: “Lecture 16: The Romantic Era” and HistoryDoctor.net: Dr Larry E. Gates, Jr.’s “Romanticism”
Links: Dr. Steven Kreis’s The History Guide:Lectures on Modern European Intellectual History: “Lecture 16: The Romantic Era” (HTML) and HistoryDoctor.net: Dr. Larry E. Gates, Jr.’s “Romanticism” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read the both webpages in their entirety for an overview of Romanticism. Gates’s article includes an interesting discussion of Romanticism’s influence on literature, art, and music, which is also covered in sections 3.4.2 and 3.4.3.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
3.4.1 Reading: CUNY-Brooklyn’s “Introduction to Romanticism”
Link: CUNY-Brooklyn’s “Introduction to Romanticism” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read the entire webpage.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
3.4.2 Reading: Schaffer Library of Drug Policy’s version of Thomas de Quincey, Confessions of an English Opium Eater
Link: Schaffer Library of Drug Policy’s version of Thomas de Quincey, Confessions of an English Opium Eater (HTML)
Also available in:
ePub format on Google Books
iBooks (free)
Instructions: Please read the entire webpage linked above. First published in 1821, this autobiography chronicles the laudanum (opium and alcohol) addiction of the British writer Thomas de Quincy. The text is representative of the new Romantic Movement taking shape in Britain and elsewhere in Europe in the 1800s; de Quincey uses strong emotion as an authentic source of aesthetic experience.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
3.4.3 Reading: Connexions: Catherine Schmidt-Jones’s “The Music of the Romantic Era”
Link: Connexions: Catherine Schmidt-Jones’s “The Music of the Romantic Era” (HTML)
Also available in:
PDF
Instructions: Please read this article in its entirety for information on the historical development of Romanticism in music during this era, stemming from influences of classical music.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
3.5 Reading: HistoryDoctor.net: Dr. Larry E. Gates, Jr.’s “Reform and Revolution”
Link: HistoryDoctor.net: Dr. Larry Gates, Jr.’s “Reform and Revolution” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read the entire webpage in order to get a sense of the reform movement in Great Britain and the revolutions in Greece and France during the 1820s and 1830s.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
3.5.1 Reading: Fordham University’s Modern History Sourcebook: Paul Halsall’s version of “The Treaty of London for Greek Independence”
Link: Fordham University’s Modern History Sourcebook:Paul Halsall’s version of “The Treaty of London for Greek Independence” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read the entire webpage. In this treaty, Britain, France, and Russia agree to assist Greece in declaring independence from the Ottoman Turks. When the treaty was enacted in 1827, Greece was faltering in a war against a powerful Ottoman-Egyptian alliance.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
3.5.2 Reading: Fordham University’s Modern History Sourcebook: Paul Halsall’s version of Thomas Babington Macaulay’s “Speech on the Reform Bill of 1832”
Link: Fordham University’s Modern History Sourcebook:Paul Halsall’s version of Thomas Babington Macaulay’s “Speech on the Reform Bill of 1832” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read the excerpt of Macualay’s speech linked above. In this speech, the Whig reformer Thomas Babington Macaulay lauds the recent passage of the Reform Bill in England, which extended the franchise to the middle class. Prior to the introduction of this new legislation in 1832, most members of Parliament were elected undemocratically in what were commonly known as “rotten boroughs.”
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
3.5.3 Reading: Web.archive.org: Liz Szabo’s “Interpreting the Irish Famine, 1846-1850”
Link: Web.archive.org: Liz Szabo’s “Interpreting the Irish Famine, 1846-1850” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read the introductory paragraphs. Then, click on the hyperlinks titled “Photographs” and “Drawings and Prints” listed under “Resources.” Finally, click on each hyperlink listed under “Reporting and Commentary on the Famine”: “Voices from Ireland,” “American and Irish-American Commentary,” and “English Views of the Famine.” Please read each of these selections.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
3.5.4 Reading: Fordham University’s Modern History Sourcebook: Paul Halsall’s version of François Guizot’s “Condition of the July Monarchy, 1830-1848”
Link: Fordham University’s Modern History Sourcebook:Paul Halsall’s version of François Guizot’s “Condition of the July Monarchy” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read all of the short excerpts of Guizot’s speeches on Fordham University’s webpage linked above. These excerpts illustrate how the reinstated Bourbon monarchy opposed the liberalism of the French Revolution. Guizot, who served as the king’s minister of public instruction, was an avid supporter of the aristocracy and the constitutional monarchy.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
3.6 Reading: HistoryDoctor.net: Dr. Larry E. Gates, Jr.’s “The Revolutions of 1848” and Eastern Michigan University: Jonathan Richard Hill’s “The Revolutions of 1848 in Germany, Italy, and France”
Links: HistoryDoctor.net: Dr. Larry E. Gates, Jr.’s “The Revolutions of 1848” (HTML) and Eastern Michigan University: Jonathan Richard Hill’s “The Revolutions of 1848 in Germany, Italy, and France” (PDF)
Instructions: These readings cover subunits 3.6.1-3.6.3. Please read the entire webpage on HistoryDoctor.net in order to get a good overview of the Revolutions of 1848—in France, the Austrian Empire, and Prussia. Then, read the entire PDF to understand the different outcomes of the “liberal” revolutions of 1848 in each country.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
3.6.5 Reading: Ohio State University’s “Encyclopedia of 1848 Revolutions”: “Peasant Agitation in Italy,” “Popular Participation, Italy, 1848-1849,” “War in Northern Italy,” and “Constitutions and Parliaments, Italy 1848-1849”
Link: Ohio State University’s “Encyclopedia of 1848 Revolutions”: “Peasant Agitation in Italy,” (HTML) “Popular Participation, Italy, 1848-1849,” (HTML) “War in Northern Italy,” (HTML) and “Constitutions and Parliaments, Italy 1848-1849” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read these pages in their entirety. Pay special attention to how the 1848 revolutions helped to create a unified Italy.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
3.7.2 Reading: Air University: Professor Richard A. Gabriel and Karen S. Metz’s “A Short History of Wars”: “Chapter 5 – The Emergence of Modern War”
Link: Air University: Professor Richard A. Gabriel and Karen S. Metz’s “A Short History of Wars”: “Chapter 5 – The Emergence of Modern War” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read the section on the Crimean War. Pay attention to the reasons for which the Crimean War is considered one of the first modern wars in history.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
3.7.2 Reading: The National Archives’ Project “British Battles”: “The Crimean War,” “Before Balaklava,’” “The Battle of Balaklava,” “The Charge of the Light Brigade,” and “After Balaklava”
Link: The National Archives’ Project “British Battles”: “The Crimean War,” “Before Balaklava,’” “The Battle of Balaklava,” “The Charge of the Light Brigade,” and “After Balaklava” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read these texts in their entirety. Remember that the Crimean War was just an episode of the long-running contest between European powers for the control of the territories the declining Ottoman Empire (1828-1908).
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
4.1 Reading: HistoryDoctor.net: Dr. Larry E. Gates, Jr.’s “France under Napoleon III and Nation Building in Italy”
Link: HistoryDoctor.net: Dr. Larry E. Gates, Jr.’s “France under Napoleon III and Nation Building in Italy” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read the entire webpage in order to get a good sense of the emergence of two powerful nation-states: France and Italy. Please note that this reading covers topics outlined in subunits 4.1.1-4.1.5.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
4.1.5 Reading: Fordham University’s Modern History Sourcebook: Paul Halsall’s version of Giuseppe Mazzini’s “On Nationality, 1852”
Link: Fordham University’s Modern History Sourcebook:Paul Halsall’s version of Giuseppe Mazzini’s “On Nationality, 1852” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read the entire webpage. Giuseppe Mazzini was one of the leading figures of liberal nationalism in Italy. In this 1852 text, he argues that the creation of a democratic Italian state is crucial to Italy’s development and preservation within the competitive European system.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
4.2 Reading: Colby College: Raffael Scheck’s “The Road to National Unification” and “The Second Empire until 1914;” and Fordham University’s Modern History Sourcebook: Paul Halsall’s version of “Documents of German Unification”
Links: Colby College: Raffael Scheck’s “The Road to National Unification” and “The Second Empire until 1914” (HTML); and Fordham University’s Modern History Sourcebook: Paul Halsall’s version of “Documents of German Unification” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read each article linked above in its entirety. Please note that these readings cover material in sections 4.2.1-4.2.4. The first two readings by Prof. Scheck will provide a good overview of Bismarck’s plan to unify disparate German states. The last reading, which is a collection of excerpted speeches and letters, will give you a sense of the growing push for German unification between 1848 and 1871.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
4.3 Reading: HistoryDoctor.net: Dr. Larry E. Gates, Jr.’s “The Modernization of Russia”
Link: HistoryDoctor.net: Dr. Larry E. Gates, Jr.’s “The Modernization of Russia” (HTML)
Instructions: This reading covers subunits 4.3.1-4.3.2. Please read the entire webpage in order to get a good overview of Russia’s social reforms, industrialization, and Revolution of 1905.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
4.3.3 Reading: Library of Congress Country Studies: “Revolution and Counterrevolution, 1905-07”
Link: Library of Congress Country Studies: “Revolution and Counterrevolution, 1905-07” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read the entire article to get a good overview of the various facets of the Russian Revolution of 1905.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
4.4 Reading: HistoryDoctor.net: Dr. Larry E. Gates, Jr.’s “The Modern Nation State”
Link: HistoryDoctor.net: Dr. Larry E. Gates, Jr.’s “The Modern Nation State” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read the entire webpage linked above. Please note that this reading discusses many specific modern nation-states as outlined in subunits 4.4.2-4.4.5.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
4.4.1 Reading: Towson University: Mike Lauletta’s “What Is a Nation-State?”
Link: Towson University: Mike Lauletta’s “What Is a Nation-State?” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read this short selection in order5 to better understand the definitions of “nation,” “state,” and “nation-state.”
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
4.4.6 Reading: Fordham University’s Modern History Sourcebook: Paul Halsall’s version of Theodore Herzl’s “On the Jewish State, 1896”
Link: Fordham University’s Modern History Sourcebook:Paul Halsall’s version of Theodore Herzl’s “On the Jewish State, 1896” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read the entire webpage linked above. In this 1896 pamphlet, Zionist leader Theodore Herzl calls for the creation of a Jewish state in Palestine. At a time when Germany, France, and Britain were becoming powerful nation-states, Herzl and other Zionists advocated for a separate nation-state for European Jews.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
5.1 Reading: HistoryDoctor.net: Dr. Larry E. Gates’s “Industrialization and the World Economy”
Link: HistoryDoctor.net: Dr. Larry E. Gates, Jr.’s “Industrialization and the World Economy” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read the entire webpage, which presents expansion—particularly in Egypt and the Far East—as a byproduct of the industrial era. Please note that this reading covers topics outlined in subunits 5.1.1-5.1.3.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
5.1.2 Reading: Fordham University’s Modern History Sourcebook: Paul Halsall’s version of Commissioner Lin’s “Letter to Queen Victoria, 1839”
Link: Fordham University’s Modern History Sourcebook:Paul Halsall’s version of Commissioner Lin’s “Letter to Queen Victoria, 1839” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read the entire webpage linked above. In this text, the Chinese imperial commissioner indicts the opium trade, which was in large part fueled by British merchants who produced opium in India and then sold it in Chinese cities. Lin calls on Queen Victoria herself to acknowledge the immoral nature of the opium traffic and requests that she curtail it.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
5.1.3 Reading: Fordham University’s Modern History Sourcebook: Paul Halsall’s version of The Earl of Cromer’s “Why Britain Acquired Egypt in 1882”
Link: Fordham University’s Modern History Sourcebook:Paul Halsall’s version of The Earl of Cromer’s “Why Britain Acquired Egypt in 1882” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read the entire webpage. In this 1908 text, the first British viceroy of Egypt explains the logic behind Britain’s occupation of Egypt. Lord Cromer essentially asserts the necessity of British paternalistic rule in that country; he suggests that Egypt might have become an arena of civil war if Britain had not intervened.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
5.2 Reading: HistoryDoctor.net: Dr. Larry E. Gates, Jr.’s “European Migration and Imperialism”
Link: HistoryDoctor.net: Dr. Larry E. Gates, Jr.’s “European Migration and Imperialism” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read the entire webpage linked above. This reading will give you a good sense of the European population explosion and political conflicts that spurred European migration. It will also help you to understand the various aspects of the “New Imperialism” that characterized the late nineteenth century.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
5.2.1 Reading: Rudyard Kipling’s “The White Man’s Burden”
Link: Rudyard Kipling’s “The White Man’s Burden” (PDF)
Instructions: To open the PDF file, click on the link that says “kipling1899.PDF.” Please read the entirety of the linked poem. In this famous 1899 poem, the British writer Rudyard Kipling urges the United States to colonize the Philippines, which had come under American control after the Spanish-American War. Though often reviled today, the poem was representative of the nineteenth-century European aspiration to dominate the developing world.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
5.2.1 Reading: Fordham University: Paul Halsall’s “Modern History Sourcebook: The Earl of Cromer: Why Britain Acquired Egypt in 1882, (1908)”
Link: Fordham University: Paul Halsall’s “Modern History Sourcebook: The Earl of Cromer: Why Britain Acquired Egypt in 1882, (1908)” (HTML)
Instructions: As you read, consider the following questions: What reasons does Cromer give for Britain’s presence in Egypt? What does Cromer see as problems in Egypt? How does Cromer describe those who govern Egypt? Why does Cromer disagree with the policy, “Egypt is for Egyptians?” Why is the intervention of Englishmen in Egypt preferable to intervention by other European powers?
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
5.2.2 Reading: BBC’s “The Story of Africa: Africa & Europe (1800-1914)”
Link: BBC’s “The Story of Africa: Africa & Europe (1800-1914)” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read the article, and pages liked on the right hand-side, in their entirety, and make sure you listed to “Africa on the Eve of Colonialism” and “Partition & Resistance” radio series presented by Hugh Quarshie by using the hyperlinks at the bottom of the article. This reading will present the causes and implications of Europeans’ traumatic colonization of Africa.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
5.2.3 Reading: Northern Illinois University, Center for Southeast Asian Studies: Dr. Constance Wilson and Rey Ty’s “Colonialism and Nationalism in South East Asia”
Link: Northern Illinois University, Center for Southeast Asian Studies: Dr. Constance Wilson and Rey Ty’s “Colonialism and Nationalism in South East Asia” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read the entire article, which covers European colonization of Southeast Asia in the late 1800s.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
5.2.4 Reading: Edward Morel’s “The Black Man’s Burden”
Link: Edward Morel’s “The Black Man’s Burden” (PDF)
Instructions: To open the PDF file, scroll down to November 4, and click on the link for Morel’s excerpts. Please read the entire webpage. In this famous 1903 treatise, Edward Morel, a British journalist in the Congo, rebuts Kipling’s praise of imperialism. Morel charges that in the Belgian Congo, imperialism is only an exploitative “burden” for Africans.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
5.3 Reading: HistoryDoctor.net: Dr. Larry E. Gates, Jr.’s “Responses to European Imperialism”
Link: HistoryDoctor.net: Dr. Larry E. Gates, Jr.’s “Responses to European Imperialism” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read the entire webpage in order to get a good overview of the responses to European imperialism in India, Japan, and China.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
5.3.1 Reading: University of California, Los Angeles: Dr. Vinay Lal’s “British India”
Link: University of California, Los Angeles: Dr. Vinay Lal’s “British India” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read both pages of the article, paying special attention to Britain’s occupation of India in the late nineteenth century. To access the second page, click on the hyperlink in “continued on page 2” at the bottom of the text on the first webpage.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
5.3.2 Reading: Fordham University: Paul Halsall’s “Modern History Sourcebook: Lt. Tadayoshi Sakurai: The Attack upon Port Arthur, 1905”
Link: Fordham University: Paul Halsall’s “Modern History Sourcebook: Lt. Tadayoshi Sakurai: The Attack upon Port Arthur, 1905” (HTML)
Instructions: As you read, consider the following questions: How does Sakurai describe the atmosphere and spirit of the soldiers before going into battle? What images and motivations does Sakurai invoke?
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
5.3.2 Reading: Fordham University: Paul Halsall’s “Modern History Sourcebook: Okuma: From Fifty Years of New Japan, 1907-08”
Link: Fordham University: Paul Halsall’s “Modern History Sourcebook: Okuma: From Fifty Years of New Japan, 1907-08” (HTML)
Instructions: As you read, consider the following questions: According to the author, in what ways and in what respects had Japan advanced in a half century? What enabled Japan to become a world power? How did Japan maintain its traditional identity despite the influence of foreign ideas, institutions, and exchange?
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
5.3.3 Reading: Columbia University’s Asia for Educators: “From Reform to Revolution, 1842-1911”
Link: Columbia University’s Asia for Educators: “From Reform to Revolution, 1842-1911” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read the entire article to get a sense of China’s domestic response to pressures and problems created by Western imperial powers.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
6.1 Reading: HistoryDoctor.net: Dr. Larry E. Gates, Jr.’s “The Outbreak of World War One”
Link: HistoryDoctor.net: Dr. Larry E. Gates, Jr.’s “The Outbreak of World War One” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read the entire webpage in order to get a good overview of the origins and causes of World War I. Please note that this reading covers the material outlined in all sections for 6.1, including 6.1.1-6.1.3.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
6.2 Reading: Collin County Community College: Prof. Kyle Wilkinson’s “Background to the War Nobody Won: World War I, 1914-1918”
Links: Collin County Community College: Prof. Kyle Wilkinson’s “Background to the War Nobody Won: World War I, 1914-1918” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read Professor Wilkinson’s extensive article for a solid overview of the causes of World War I. Please note that this reading will also cover the topics outlined in subunits 6.2.1-6.2.3.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
6.2.1 Reading: Clinch Valley College's version of Erich Maria Remarque's "All Quiet on the Western Front"
Link: Clinch Valley College's version of Erich Maria Remarque's "All Quiet on the Western Front" (HMTL)
Instructions: Please read the entire excerpt. This 1929 novel, written by the German World War I veteran Erich Maria Remarque, tells the story of the young German soldier Paul Bäumer, who experiences the horror and dislocation of trench warfare.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
6.2.2 Reading: University of Montana: Dr. David W. Tschanz’s “Typhus Fever on the Eastern Front in World War I”
Link: University of Montana: Dr. David W. Tschanz’s “Typhus Fever on the Eastern Front in World War I” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read the entire article to get a sense of the deadly and devastating effect that typhus fever has on the Central Powers during World War I.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
6.2.3 Reading: BBC’s British History In-depth: Professor Joanna Bourke’s “Women on the Home Front in World War One”
Link: BBC’s British History In-depth: Professor Joanna Bourke’s “Women on the Home Front in World War One” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read the entire article in order to get a sense of how World War I changed the position of women in the workforce.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
6.3 Reading: Library of Congress Country Studies: “Revolutions and Civil War and The February Revolution,” “The Period of Dual Power and The Bolshevik Revolution,” and “Civil War and War Communism”
Links: Library of Congress Country Studies: “Revolutions and Civil War and The February Revolution,” “The Period of Dual Power and The Bolshevik Revolution,” and “Civil War and War Communism” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read each article linked above in its entirety. Please note these readings cover topics outlined in subunits 6.3.1-6.3.4. These readings provide a comprehensive overview of the Russian Revolution, from the fall of the Tsar, to the creation of a provisional government in Russia, to the rise of Lenin and Trotsky, and to the triumph of communism.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
6.3.3 Reading: Fordham University: Professor Paul Halsall’s version of V.I. Lenin’s “What Is to Be Done, 1902”
Link: Fordham University: Professor Paul Halsall’s version of V.I. Lenin’s “What Is to Be Done, 1902” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read the entire webpage. In this 1902 treatise, Lenin grapples with Marxist revolutionary ideology. While Marx had theorized that the proletarian revolution would lead to ultimate freedom for the masses, Lenin thought differently. In fact, in this piece, Lenin outlines a very different view of freedom.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
6.4 Reading: HistoryDoctor.net: Dr. Larry E. Gates, Jr.’s “The Peace Settlement”
Link: HistoryDoctor.net: Dr. Larry E. Gates, Jr.’s “The Peace Settlement” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read the entire webpage in order to get a good overview of the end of World War I and the Treaty of Versailles. Please note that this reading covers material for 6.4.1-6.4.3.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
6.4.3 Reading: “Treaty of Versailles”
Link: “Treaty of Versailles” (PDF)
Instructions: Please read the entire webpage linked above. To open the file, click on “View transcript (PDF)” on the left side of the webpage. This 1919 treaty contained several provisions, the most controversial of which required Germany to accept sole responsibility for the war—to disarm, maker territorial concessions, and pay reparations. The Treaty of Versailles is widely considered to be a major cause of World War II.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
7.1 Reading: Harvard University: Prof. Ernest R. May’s “The Age of Anxiety, 1919-1939;” Dr. Steven Kreis’s The History Guide: Lectures on Twentieth Century Europe: “Lecture 8: The Age of Anxiety: Europe in the 1920s”
Links: Harvard University: Prof. Ernest R. May’s “The Age of Anxiety, 1919-1939” (HTML); Dr. Steven Kreis’s The History Guide: Lectures on Twentieth Century Europe: “Lecture 8: The Age of Anxiety: Europe in the 1920s” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read each webpage linked above in its entirety. The first reading by Professor May will introduce you to the 1920s and 1930s, the so-called “Age of Anxiety.” The second reading (by Dr. Kreis) will give you a sense of the range of intellectual and cultural reactions to World War I.
Please note that these readings cover the topics outlined in subunits 7.1.1-7.1.5.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
7.1.1 Reading: CUNY, The College of Staten Island: Professor Catherine Lavender’s “Modernism—A Working Definition”
Link: CUNY, The College of Staten Island: Professor Catherine Lavender’s “Modernism—A Working Definition” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read this entry.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
7.1.5 Reading: Bartelby.com’s version of T.S. Eliot’s “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock”
Link: Bartleby.com’s version of T.S. Eliot’s “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock” (HTML)
Instructions: One of T.S. Eliot’s earliest and most famous poems, “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock,” it details the introspection of a narrator who examines the emptiness and soulless quality of the bleak social world surrounding him. Eliot’s poem is a clear rejection of optimistic and solipsistic Victorian literature; the poem centers upon an alienated individual trying to make sense of a fragmented society. Please read this poem in its entirety.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
7.2 Reading: HistoryDoctor.net: Dr. Larry E. Gates, Jr.’s “Modern Art and Music” and Corcoran Gallery of Art’s “Modernism: Designing a New World, 1914-1939”
Links: HistoryDoctor.net: Dr. Larry E. Gates, Jr.’s “Modern Art and Music” (HTML) and Corcoran Gallery of Art’s “Modernism: Designing a New World, 1914-1939” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read the entire HistoryDoctor.net webpage in order to get a good overview of the characteristics of Modern art and music. Then, please click on the hyperlinks in the table of contents on the left side of the webpage, and read all five sections: “Modernism,” “Utopia,” “The Machine and Mass Production,” “Nature and the Healthy Body,” and “National Modernisms and Identity.” Please note these readings cover topics in sections 7.2.1-7.2.3.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
7.3 Reading: HistoryDoctor.net: Dr. Larry E. Gates, Jr.’s “The Search for Peace and Stability”
Link: HistoryDoctor.net: Dr. Larry E. Gates, Jr.’s “The Search for Peace and Stability” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read the entire webpage in order to get a sense of the consequences of the Treaty of Versailles, resentment in Germany, the aftermath of the communist revolution in Russia, and a growing global economic crisis. Please note that this reading addresses the topics outlines in sections 7.3.1-7.3.3.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
7.4 Reading: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign: Prof. Cary Nelson’s “About the Great Depression,” “The Depression in the United States – An Overview,” “About The Dust Bowl,” and “A Depression Photo Essay”
Links: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign: Prof. Cary Nelson’s “About the Great Depression,” “The Depression in the United States – An Overview,” “About The Dust Bowl,” and “A Depression Photo Essay” (HTML)
Instructions: These readings cover the entirety of subunit 7.4, but will be supplemented by additional readings below as well. Please read Prof. Nelson’s entire article for a good overview of the Great Depression; pay special attention to the causes and responses to the Great Depression.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
7.4.2 Reading: Clinch Valley College’s version of an excerpt from George Orwell’s The Road to Wigan Pier
Link: Clinch Valley College’s version of an excerpt from George Orwell’s The Road to Wigan Pier (HTML)
Instructions: Please read the entire entry. This 1937 non-fiction work details the economically depressed areas of northern England. Here, Orwell describes misery of the ubiquitous industrial slums.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
8.1 Reading: Professor John Warwick’s “Authoritarianism vs. Liberal Democracy in the Inter-war Period” Blog Entry; Dr. Steven Kreis’s The History Guide: Lectures on Twentieth Century Europe: “Lecture 9: The Age of Anxiety: Europe in the 1920s”; HistoryDoctor.net: Dr. Larry E. Gates, Jr.’s “Rise of the Totalitarian States”
Links: Professor John Warwick’s “Authoritarianism vs. Liberal Democracy in the Inter-war Period” (HTML) Blog Entry; Dr. Steven Kreis’s The History Guide:Lectures on Twentieth Century Europe: “Lecture 9: The Age of Anxiety: Europe in the 1920s” (HTML); HistoryDoctor.net: Dr. Larry E. Gates, Jr.’s “Rise of the Totalitarian States”(HTML)
Instructions: Please read Professor Warwick’s entire blog entry titled “Authoritarianism vs. Liberal Democracy in the Inter-war Period.” Then, read Dr. Kreis’s lecture 9 on “The Age of Anxiety” in its entirety. Finally, peruse Dr. Gates’s article on the “Rise of the Totalitarian States.” Please note that these readings cover topics outlined for 8.1.1 and 8.1.2.
The first reading by Professor Warwick will help you gain a sense of how the post-WWI era gave birth to emergent liberal democratic and totalitarian ideologies. The second reading (by Dr. Kreis) discusses how anti-democratic ideologies grew out of the unresolved problems of World War I. Lastly, the article by Dr. Gates provides an overview of the emergence of totalitarian regimes in Germany, Italy, Spain, Portugal, the Soviet Union, Hungary, and Poland during the 1930s. You will also get a sense of how “conservative authoritarianism” differed from “radical totalitarianism.”
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
8.1.2 Reading: Dr. Steven Kreis’s The History Guide: Lectures on Twentieth Century Europe: “Lecture 10: The Age of Totalitarianism: Stalin and Hitler”
Link: Dr. Steven Kreis’s The History Guide:Lectures on Twentieth Century Europe: “Lecture 10: The Age of Totalitarianism: Stalin and Hitler” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read the entire webpage to get sense of the origins and features of radical totalitarianism.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
8.2 Reading: HistoryDoctor.net: Dr. Larry E. Gates, Jr.’s “The Soviet Union under Stalin”
Link: HistoryDoctor.net: Dr. Larry E. Gates, Jr.’s “The Soviet Union under Stalin” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read the entire webpage in order to get a sense of Stalin’s Five Year Plan, his influence on Soviet society, and his brutal Great Purges. Please note that this reading covers topics outlined in subunits 8.2.1-8.2.4.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
8.2.4 Reading: Fordham University's Modern History Sourcebook: Paul Halsall’s version of “Stalin’s Purges”
Link: Fordham University's Modern History Sourcebook: Paul Halsall’s version of “Stalin’s Purges” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read the entire webpage. This Soviet textbook entry offers an “official explanation,” or legitimization, of Joseph Stalin’s “purges” in 1936. Sensing that opposition to his rule and policies was rising, Stalin ordered the widespread police surveillance, executions, and purges of the Communist Party and the Red Army, as well as persecution and repression of suspected opponents.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
8.3 Reading: HistoryDoctor.net: Dr. Larry E. Gates, Jr.’s “Benito Mussolini and Fascist Italy”
Link: HistoryDoctor.net: Dr. Larry E. Gates, Jr.’s “Benito Mussolini and Fascist Italy” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read the entire webpage in order to get a good overview of the emergence of Fascism in Italy under Benito Mussolini. Please note that this reading covers topics outlined in subunits 8.3.1-8.3.3.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
8.3.1 Reading: Fordham University's Modern History Sourcebook: Paul Halsall’s version of Benito Mussolini's “What Is Fascism?”
Link: Fordham University's Modern History Sourcebook:Paul Halsall’s version of Benito Mussolini's “What Is Fascism?” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read the entire webpage for Mussolini's definition of fascism. In this 1932 encyclopedia entry, Benito Mussolini asserts that in a Fascist regime, the absolute authority is the state. This is the polar opposite of the absolute authority allotted to the “people” in democratic regimes.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
8.4 Reading: History World International’s “The Spanish Civil War”
Link: History World International’s “The Spanish Civil War” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read the entire webpage for an overview of the Spanish Civil War, and General Francisco Franco’s dictatorship. Please note that this reading covers topics outlined in subunits 8.4.1-8.4.2.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
8.4 Reading: University of Pennsylvania: Professor Al Filreis’ “The Spanish Civil War”
Link: University of Pennsylvania: Professor Al Filreis’ “The Spanish Civil War” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read the sections title “The Spanish Civil War” and “Abraham Lincoln Brigade” by clicking on the provided links. Please note that this reading covers topics outlined in subunits 8.4.1-8.4.2.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
8.4.3 Reading: Library of Congress Country Studies: Eric Solsten’s (ed.) Spain: A Country Study: “The Franco Years”
Link: Library of Congress Country Studies: Eric Solsten’s (ed.) Spain: A Country Study: “The Franco Years” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read the entirety of this page. Pay special attention to how even though he received help from the Fascists during the Civil War, later he tried to distance himself from fascist ideology.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
8.5 Reading: HistoryDoctor.net: Dr. Larry E. Gates, Jr.’s “Hitler and National Socialism”
Link: HistoryDoctor.net: Dr. Larry E. Gates, Jr.’s “Hitler and National Socialism” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read the entire webpage in order to get a good overview of Hitler’s National Socialism and the development of the Nazi state. Please note that this reading covers concepts in 8.5.1 and 8.5.2.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
8.5.1 Reading: Hanover College’s version of Adolf Hitler's “Speech of April 12, 1921”
Link: Hanover College’s version of Adolf Hitler's “Speech of April 12, 1921” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read the entire speech. Adolf Hitler was an incredibly persuasive and charismatic speaker. His speeches, including this one given in 1921, capitalized on the growing resentment and oppression felt by the German people in the post-WWI period.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
8.6 Reading: Library of Congress Country Studies: “The Consolidation of Power and Foreign Policy” and “The Outbreak of World War II and Total mobilization, Resistance, and the Holocaust, ” and “Defeat”
Link: Library of Congress Country Studies: “The Consolidation of Power and Foreign Policy” and “The Outbreak of World War II and Total Mobilization, Resistance, and the Holocaust,” and “Defeat” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read these articles in their entirety for a good overview of the Second World War, including the pre-war period of aggression and appeasement, the expansion of Hitler’s Nazi empire, as well as the chronology of the war. Please note that these readings cover topics in sections 8.6.1-8.6.5.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
8.6.3 Reading: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum's “The Holocaust”; Fordham University's Modern History Sourcebook: Paul Halsall’s version of Hermann Friedrich Graebe's Account of Holocaust Mass Shooting
Links: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum's “The Holocaust” (HTML); Fordham University's Modern History Sourcebook: Paul Halsall’s version of Hermann Friedrich Graebe's “Account of Holocaust Mass Shooting” (HTML)
Instructions: First, please read the entire article introducing the Holocaust on the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum's webpage. You may want to optionally continue reading by clicking on the hyperlinks under the “Related articles” section. Note that the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum aims to educate people about the mass genocide and discrimination of the Holocaust, as well as to promote human dignity.
Then, please read Graebe's first-person account of a Holocaust Mass Shooting. This is a first-person account of the mass death of Jews at Dubno, Ukraine in 1942. About 5,000 Jews in this region were “marked for liquidation” by the Nazis, and the speaker, a Ukrainian engineer, estimates that approximately 1,500 were shot daily and then buried in mass graves. The account, though disturbing, shows the well-organized extermination procedures that the SS, an elite Nazi paramilitary unit, had started to use by the third year of World War II.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
8.6.5 Reading: Fordham University's Modern History Sourcebook: Paul Halsall’s version of Vyacheslav Molotov's “Reaction to the German Invasion of 1941”
Link: Fordham University's Modern History Sourcebook:Paul Halsall’s version of Vyacheslav Molotov's “Reaction to the German Invasion of 1941” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read the entire excerpt of Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov’s broadcast to the Soviet people. In this 1941 radio address, Molotov reacts to Hitler’s invasion of the Soviet Union, calling for expulsion of Hitler’s troops and Soviet victory.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
9.1 Reading: HistoryDoctor.net: Dr. Larry E. Gates, Jr.’s “The Cold War”
Link: HistoryDoctor.net: Dr. Larry E. Gates, Jr.’s “The Cold War” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read the entire webpage in order to get a good overview of origins and characteristics of the Cold War.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
9.1.1 Reading: Suffolk Community College: History Department’s “The Cold War” and Dr. Steven Kreis’s The History Guide: Lectures on Twentieth Century Europe: “Lecture 14: The Origins of the Cold War”
Links: Suffolk Community College: History Department’s “The Cold War” (HTML) and Dr. Steven Kreis’s The History Guide: Lectures on Twentieth Century Europe: “Lecture 14: The Origins of the Cold War” (HTML)
Instructions: First, please read Suffolk Community Colleges's entire article to get a good overview of the Cold War. Then, read the entire lecture by Dr. Kreis to get sense of the causes of the conflict between the Soviet Union and the United States and its allies. Please note that these readings cover subunit 9.1.2.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
9.1.1 Reading: Fordham University's Modern History Sourcebook: Paul Halsall’s versions of Winston Churchill's “Iron Curtain Speech” and Josef Stalin's “Reply to Churchill”
Links: Fordham University's Modern History Sourcebook:Paul Halsall’s versions of Winston Churchill's “Iron Curtain Speech” (HTML)and Josef Stalin's “Reply to Churchill” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read the excerpts from Churchill's speech and Stalin's reply to Churchill linked above. In the 1946 excerpt from an interview with Josef Stalin, Stalin defends and legitimizes the expansion of Communism in postwar eastern Europe as a response to Churchill's speech. Stalin argues that the proliferation of Communism will enhance security and protect peoples.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
9.1.3 Reading: Library of Congress Country Studies: “The Prague Spring, 1968”
Link: Library of Congress Country Studies: “The Prague Spring, 1968” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read this text in its entirety for an overview of the turbulent relationship between the Soviet Union and its satellite states in Eastern Europe.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
9.1.4 Reading: Wheeling Jesuit University: Classroom of the Future Project’s “The Korean War”
Link: Wheeling Jesuit University: Classroom of the Future Project’s “The Korean War” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read the entire article to get a good overview of the Korean War, the first military clash of the Cold War.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
9.2 Reading: HistoryDoctor.net: Dr. Larry E. Gates, Jr.’s “Social Transformation in Europe after World War II” and Dr. Steven Kreis’s The History Guide: Lectures on Twentieth Century Europe: “Lecture 15: 1968: The Year of the Barricades”
Links: HistoryDoctor.net: Dr. Larry E. Gates, Jr.’s “Social Transformation in Europe after World War II (HTML)and Dr. Steven Kreis’s The History Guide:Lectures on Twentieth Century Europe: “Lecture 15: 1968: The Year of the Barricades” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read both resources linked here in their entirety. The first reading presents innovations in science and technology, a changing social structure, and new roles for youth and women in the postwar era. Dr. Kreis's lecture 15 will give you a sense of transformation of European society in the 1950s and 1960s.
Please note these readings will cover topics in sections 9.2.1-9.2.3.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
9.2.3 Reading: College of Staten Island: Professor Catherine Lavender’s “The New Woman” and Marxist.org’s version of Simone de Beauvoir's The Second Sex: “Introduction: Woman as Other”
Links: College of Staten Island: Professor Catherine Lavender’s “The New Woman” (HTML) and Marxist.org’s version of Simone de Beauvoir's The Second Sex: “Introduction: Woman as Other” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read both texts linked above in their entirety. By reading Professor Lavender’s article, you will learn a broad overview about the twentieth century feminist movement. Written in 1949, de Beauvoir's text was the definitive declaration of women’s independence. De Beauvoir, a French philosopher, argues that women throughout history have been defined as the “other” sex. She insists on the reality of sexual difference, but she also argues that it is immoral to use that difference to exploit women. Her well-known phrase, “one is not born but becomes a woman,” introduces what is now known as the sex-gender distinction.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
9.4 Reading: HistoryDoctor.net: Dr. Larry E. Gates, Jr.’s “The Collapse of Communism in Eastern Europe” and Dr. Steven Kreis’s The History Guide: Lectures on Twentieth Century Europe: “Lecture 16: 1989: The Walls Came Tumbling Down”
Links: HistoryDoctor.net: Dr. Larry E. Gates, Jr.’s “The Collapse of Communism in Eastern Europe” (HTML) and Dr. Steven Kreis’s The History Guide:Lectures on Twentieth Century Europe: “Lecture 16: 1989: The Walls Came Tumbling Down” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read the both webpages in their entirety. The first reading, “The Collapse of Communism in Eastern Europe, discusses the collapse of Communist in Eastern Europe and the downfall of the Soviet Union. The second reading, Dr. Kreis's lecture 16, examines the Khrushchev and Gorbachev eras as well as the eventual collapse of the Soviet Union.
Please note these readings cover topics for all of subunit 9.4.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
9.4.1 Reading: Library of Congress Country Studies: “The Gorbachev Era,” “Gorbachev’s First Year and New Thinking: Foreign Policy under Gorbachev,” “Gorbachev’s Reform Dilemma,” “Nationality Ferment,” and “The August Coup and Its Aftermath”
Link: Library of Congress Country Studies: “The Gorbachev Era,” “Gorbachev’s First Year and New Thinking: Foreign Policy under Gorbachev,” “Gorbachev’s Reform Dilemma,” “Nationality Ferment,” and “The August Coup and Its Aftermath” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read the entire webpage to get a good overview of the policies and rule of Mikhail Gorbachev.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
9.4.2 Reading: George Mason University: Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media’s “1989 Revolutions of Eastern Europe”
Link: George Mason University: Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media’s “1989 Revolutions of Eastern Europe” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read the entire webpage for a brief overview of the outbreak of revolutions in the Soviet bloc countries in 1989.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
9.4.4 Reading: FORA.TV: Dr. Melvyn Leffler's “Cold War Legacies and Contemporary Dilemmas” Lecture
Link: FORA.TV: Dr. Melvyn Leffler's “Cold War Legacies and Contemporary Dilemmas” Lecture (Adobe Flash)
Instructions: Please watch Chapters 2 through 26 of this lecture (approximately 70 minutes). You may click on the hyperlink for each chapter listed under “Watch the full program,” or you may click on “Watch the full program,” fast-forwarding through the first 2 minutes and 11 seconds of the Chatauqua Institution's introduction for Dr. Leffler.
This lecture, held at a conference hosted by Chautauqua Institution, will give you an excellent overview of Cold War policies in the 1970s and 1980s, and it will help you to understand the legacy of the conflict in a post-Soviet world.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
9.4.4 Reading: U.S. Department of State, Bureau of International Information Programs’ The Berlin Wall 20 Years Later: Professor Robert J. Leiber’s “A Contested Future”
Link: U.S. Department of State, Bureau of International Information Programs’ The Berlin Wall 20 Years Later: Professor Robert J. Leiber’s “A Contested Future”(PDF)
Instructions: Click on the “Link to Resources” link at the bottom of the page to open the PDF file. Read pages 13 through 20 in the PDF file.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
10.1 Reading: Europa’s “The History of the European Union”
Link: Europa’s “The History of the European Union” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read this text and all embedded links in their entirety. Please note that this reading covers material outlined in the sub-subunits 10.1.1-10.1.5.
Note on the Text: Europa is the official website of the European Union. This site is maintained by the Communication department of the European Commission on behalf of the European institutions.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
10.2 Reading: Europa’s “EU Institutions and Other Bodies”
Link: Europa’s “EU Institutions and Other Bodies” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read this text and all embedded links in their entirety. Please pay special attention to the section on the EU’s decision-making process. Europa is the official website of the European Union. This site is maintained by the Communication department of the European Commission on behalf of the European institutions.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
10.3 Reading: Europa’s “Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and the Euro”
Link: Europa’s “Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and the Euro” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read this text and all embedded links in their entirety. Europa is the official website of the European Union. This site is maintained by the Communication department of the European Commission on behalf of the European institutions.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
10.3 Reading: The University of Iowa Center for International Finance and Development’s “What Is the European Monetary Union?”
Link: The University of Iowa Center for International Finance and Development’s “What Is the European Monetary Union?” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read this text and all embedded links in their entirety. Pay special attention to the section “Criticisms of the EMU.” This text is maintained by the UICIFD, a student-driven project founded and directed by Professor Enrique Carrasco, that aims at helping readers understand the world of international finance and development.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
10.4 Reading: GlobalChange: Dr. Patrick Dixon’s “The Future of the European Union”
Link: GlobalChange: Dr. Patrick Dixon’s “The Future of the European Union” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read this text and all embedded links in their entirety. Dr. Patrick Dixos is considered in the media as “Europe’s leading Futurist,” and an authority on global trends.
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
-
10.4 Reading: Europa: Benita Ferrero-Waldner’s “The Future of the European Union: Managing Globalization”
Link: Europa: Benita Ferrero-Waldner’s “The Future of the European Union: Managing Globalization” (HTML)
Instructions: Please read the text version of a speech given by Ferrero-Waldner–the European Commissioner for Trade and European Neighbourhood Policy from 2009 to 2010– at the Bucerius Summer School, on August 31, 2007. Remember it is a primary source, and it should be treated as such. When evaluating a primary source, remember that the author usually has an “axe to grind,” or some personal motive for writing that may not be immediately obvious. Thus, ask yourself the following questions: What is the author saying? And why is he saying it?
Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.See a broken link? Please let us know!
