Saylor.org

Back to Psychology

Questions? Consult the FAQ's!

Search Q&A Center

This course is currently being improved through our peer review process.

Abnormal Behavior

Purpose of Course  showclose

Course Information  showclose

Learning Outcomes  showclose

Course Requirements  showclose

• Unit 1
• Unit 2
• Unit 3
• Unit 4
• Unit 5
• Unit 6
• Unit 7
• Unit 8
• Unit 9
• Unit 10
• Final Exam
• All Units

Unit Outline show close

Unit 1: Introduction to Abnormal Psychology  

What is abnormal behavior?  Why does it exist?  How have our conceptions of abnormal behavior changed and progressed over the years?  This unit will address these basic questions about the field of abnormal psychology.  We will first seek to define the line between abnormal and normal behavior.  Next, we will take a look at the historical context around which the major paradigms/theories of abnormal psychology have developed.  Lastly, we will address two paradigms which have influenced, albeit in a more peripheral way, the field of abnormal psychology.  At the close of this chapter, you will have a framework around which to define and understand the concepts behind this fascinating subfield of psychology.  

Unit 1 Time Advisory   show close


Unit 1 Learning Outcomes   show close


1.1 Defining Abnormal Behavior  

• Lecture: LearnersTV’s version of University of Houston: Dr. Lynn Rehm’s Lecture Series, Abnormal Psychology: “Lecture 1A”

  Link: LearnersTV’s version of University of Houston: Dr. Lynn Rehm’s Lecture Series, Abnormal Psychology: "Lecture 1A" (Flash Video)
  
  Also Available in:
  YouTube
   
  Instructions: This lecture covers subunits 1.1.1–1.1.3 and is 66 minutes in length.  Please click on the webpage linked here, then click on the icon for lecture 1A and watch the entirety of this lecture, which will help introduce you to the field of abnormal psychology.
   
  Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.          

  The Saylor Foundation does not yet have materials for this portion of the course. If you are interested in contributing your content to fill this gap or aware of a resource that could be used here, please submit it here.

  Submit Materials

1.1.1 Deviance from Statistical and Social Norms  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lecture assigned beneath subunit 1.1. 

1.1.2 Personal Distress  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lecture assigned beneath subunit 1.1.

1.1.3 Maladaptiveness of Behavior: Level of Dysfunction  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lecture assigned beneath subunit 1.1.

1.2 Historical/Conceptual Background of Abnormal Psychology  

• Lecture: LearnersTV’s version of University of Houston: Dr. Lynn Rehm’s Lecture Series, Abnormal Psychology: “Lecture 1B”

  Link: LearnersTV’s version of University of Houston: Dr. Lynn Rehm’s Lecture Series, Abnormal Psychology "Lecture 1B" (Flash Video)
  
  Also Available In:
  YouTube
   
  Instructions: This lecture covers subunits 1.2.1–1.2.2 and is 72 minutes in length.  Please click on the webpage linked here, then click on the icon for lecture 1B and watch the entirety of this lecture.
   
  Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.

  The Saylor Foundation does not yet have materials for this portion of the course. If you are interested in contributing your content to fill this gap or aware of a resource that could be used here, please submit it here.

  Submit Materials

1.2.1 History of Abnormal Psychology  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lecture assigned beneath subunit 1.2. 

1.2.2 The Intersection of Worldview and the Development of Theories  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lecture assigned beneath subunit 1.2.

1.3 Paradigms Defined  

• Lecture: LearnersTV’s version of University of Houston: Dr. Lynn Rehm’s Lecture Series, Abnormal Psychology: “Lecture 2A”

  Link: LearnersTV’s version of University of Houston: Dr. Lynn Rehm’s Lecture Series, Abnormal Psychology "Lecture 2A" (Flash Video)
  
  Also Available In:
  YouTube
   
  Instructions: This lecture covers subunits 1.3–1.5.3.  Please click on the webpage linked here, then click on the icon for lecture 2A and watch the video up until 37 minutes and 35 seconds, as this portion of the lecture is relevant to the topic.
             
  Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.

  The Saylor Foundation does not yet have materials for this portion of the course. If you are interested in contributing your content to fill this gap or aware of a resource that could be used here, please submit it here.

  Submit Materials

1.4 Phenomological Paradigm  

1.4.1 Subjective/Unique Experience of the Individuals  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lecture assigned beneath subunit 1.3. 

1.4.2 Distortion through External Influence  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lecture assigned beneath subunit 1.3.

1.5 Statistical or Trait Paradigm  

1.5.1 Measurement of Intelligence  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lecture assigned beneath subunit 1.3. 

1.5.2 Measurement of Personality  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lecture assigned beneath subunit 1.3. 

1.5.3 Measurement of Psychopathology  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lecture assigned beneath subunit 1.3.

1.6 Introduction to Psychiatry  

• Reading: University of Tasmania: Professor Saxby Pridmore’s Download of Psychiatry: “Chapter 1: Introduction”

  Link: University of Tasmania: Professor Saxby Pridmore’s Download of Psychiatry: “Chapter 1: Introduction” (PDF)
   
  Instructions: This reading covers subunits 1.6.1–1.6.4.  Please click on the link above entitled “Chapter 1: Introduction,” and read the entirety of this chapter to gain an overview of the field of psychiatry—a related field pertinent to the study of mental illness.
   
  Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.

  See a broken link? Please let us know!

1.6.1 Symptoms, Signs, and Syndromes  

Note: This subunit is covered by the reading assigned beneath subunit 1.6. 

1.6.2 Mental versus Physical Disorders  

Note: This subunit is covered by the reading assigned beneath subunit 1.6. 

1.6.3 The Mind and the Brain  

Note: This subunit is covered by the reading assigned beneath subunit 1.6.

1.6.4 Overview of the Causes and Treatment of Mental Disorders from Psychiatric View  

Note: This subunit is covered by the reading assigned beneath subunit 1.6.

Unit 2: Influential Paradigms in Abnormal Psychology  

The debate as to whether abnormal behavior is caused by genetic and/or biological mechanisms versus environmental ones has greatly shaped the field and our understanding of psychopathology.  This nature versus nurture debate is captured through the major defining paradigms of the field, which seek to explain the causes of abnormal psychology.  In this chapter, we will learn about the concepts and assumptions of the major paradigms that have had the strongest influences on the field of abnormal psychology.  We will also learn about a new, more inclusive explanation of abnormal behavior that emerged as the debate subsided—that of the diathesis-stress model. This model stresses both the genetic and environmental contributions to the development of psychological disorders.   

Unit 2 Time Advisory   show close


Unit 2 Learning Outcomes   show close


• Lecture: LearnersTV’s version of University of Houston: Dr. Lynn Rehm’s Lecture Series, Abnormal Psychology: “Lecture 2A,” “Lecture 2B,” “Lecture 3A,” and “Lecture 3B”

  Links: LearnersTV’s version of University of Houston: Dr. Lynn Rehm’s Lecture Series, Abnormal Psychology: "Lecture 2A," "Lecture 2B," "Lecture 3A," and "Lecture 3B" (Flash Videos)
  
  Also Available In:
  YouTube – Lecture 2A
  YouTube – Lecture 2B
  YouTube – Lecture 3A
  YouTube – Lecture 3B
   
  Instructions: These lectures cover subunits 2.1.1—2.5.  First, please click on the webpage linked here entitled “Lecture 2A,” then click on the icon for lecture 2A and start the video at 37 minutes and 35 seconds and watch this lecture to the end.  This lecture will address the biological approach as well as psychodynamic paradigm.  Second, please click on the webpage linked here entitled “Lecture 2b,” then click on the icon for lecture 2B and watch the entirety of this lecture.  This lecture will address both the psychodynamic approach and behavioral approach.  Third, please click on the webpage linked here entitled “Lecture 3A,” then click on the icon for lecture 3A, and watch the entirety of this video, which will address the behavioral and cognitive paradigms in abnormal psychology.  Lastly, please click on the webpage linked here entitled “Lecture 3B,” then click on the icon for lecture 3B and watch this video up until 30 minutes and 20 seconds, as this portion of the lecture is relevant to the topic of the cognitive perspective of abnormal behavior.  In total, these assigned lectures will take you 222 minutes or 3 hours and 42 minutes to watch (40 minutes, 77 minutes, 76 minutes, and 30 minutes, respectively).  Also, please note that you may review unit 2 in PSYCH101 for more background information regarding the topic covered in subunit 2.1.5.  This additional reading is optional but may help remind you of the importance of this debate in all aspects of psychology including that of abnormal behavior.
             
  Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.

  The Saylor Foundation does not yet have materials for this portion of the course. If you are interested in contributing your content to fill this gap or aware of a resource that could be used here, please submit it here.

  Submit Materials

2.1 Biological Paradigm  

2.1.1 Biology As the Unit of Analysis  

Note: This subunit is covered by the middle portion of lecture 2A (from 37 minutes and 35 seconds until 70 minutes) assigned beneath unit 2.

2.1.2 Medical Application to Psychological Issues  

Note: This subunit is covered by the middle portion of lecture 2A (from 37 minutes and 25 seconds until 70 minutes) assigned beneath unit 2.

2.1.3 Research on Genetic Contributions of Disorders  

Note: This subunit is covered by the middle portion of lecture 2A (from 37 minutes and 25 seconds until 70 minutes) assigned beneath unit 2.

2.1.3.1 Family Studies  

Note: This subunit is covered by the middle portion of lecture 2A (from 37 minutes and 25 seconds until 70 minutes) assigned beneath unit 2.

2.1.3.2 Twin Studies  

Note: This subunit is covered by the middle portion of lecture 2A (from 37 minutes and 25 seconds until 70 minutes) assigned beneath unit 2.

2.1.3.3 Adoption Studies  

Note: This subunit is covered by the middle portion of lecture 2A (from 37 minutes and 25 seconds until 70 minutes) assigned beneath unit 2.

2.1.4 Basics of Neurobiology  

• Reading: University of Tasmania: Professor Saxby Pridmore’s Download of Psychiatry: “Chapter 2: Hardware”

  Link: University of Tasmania: Professor Saxby Pridmore’s Download of Psychiatry: "Chapter 2: Hardware" (PDF)
   
  Instructions: This reading covers subunits 2.1.4.1—2.1.4.3.  Please click on the link above, download the chapter entitled “Chapter 2: Hardware,” and skim the entirety of this chapter.  This chapter is full of detailed information; however, for your purposes, please focus on the information regarding the relevant brain functions and structures associated with the study and understanding of abnormal behavior.  Specifically, focus on those structures which are talked about in the lectures. 
   
  Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.

  See a broken link? Please let us know!

2.1.4.1 Anatomy of a Neuron  

Note: This subunit is covered by the reading listed below and touched upon in the middle portion of lecture 2a (from 37 minutes and 25 seconds until 70 minutes) assigned beneath unit 2.

2.1.4.2 Neurotransmitter Approach  

Note: This subunit is covered by the reading listed below and touched upon in the middle portion of lecture 2a (from 37 minutes and 25 seconds until 70 minutes) assigned beneath unit 2.

2.1.4.3 Relevant Brain Functions/Structures  

Note: This subunit is covered by the reading listed below and touched upon in the middle portion of lecture 2a (from 37 minutes and 25 seconds until 70 minutes) assigned beneath unit 2.

2.1.5 Nature vs. Nurture  

Note: This subunit is covered by the reading listed below and touched upon in the middle portion of lecture 2a (from 37 minutes and 25 seconds until 70 minutes) assigned beneath unit 2. 

2.1.6 Basis for Psychopathology  

Note: This subunit is covered by the reading listed below and touched upon in the middle portion of lecture 2a (from 37 minutes and 25 seconds until 70 minutes) assigned beneath unit 2. 

2.2 Psychodynamic Paradigm  

2.2.1 Use of Metaphors and Major Assumptions  

Note: This subunit is covered by the last portion of lecture 2a (from 70 minutes until the end) and the first portion of lecture 2b (until 53 minutes and 45 seconds) assigned beneath unit 2. 

2.2.2 The Preconcious, Conscious, and Subconcious  

Note: This subunit is covered by the last portion of lecture 2a (from 70 minutes until the end) and the first portion of lecture 2b (until 53 minutes and 45 seconds) assigned beneath unit 2. 

2.2.3 Basis of Psychopathology  

Note: This subunit is covered by the last portion of lecture 2a (from 70 minutes until the end) and the first portion of lecture 2b (until 53 minutes and 45 seconds) assigned beneath unit 2. 

2.2.4 The Id, Ego, and Superego  

Note: This subunit is covered by the last portion of lecture 2a (from 70 minutes until the end) and the first portion of lecture 2b (until 53 minutes and 45 seconds) assigned beneath unit 2. 

2.2.5 Psychosexual Stages of Development  

Note: This subunit is covered by the last portion of lecture 2a (from 70 minutes until the end) and the first portion of lecture 2b (until 53 minutes and 45 seconds) assigned beneath unit 2. 

2.2.6 Focus on Dynamic Processes: Libido and Defense Mechanisms  

Note: This subunit is covered by the last portion of lecture 2a (from 70 minutes until the end) and the first portion of lecture 2b (until 53 minutes and 45 seconds) assigned beneath unit 2. 

2.2.7 Therapy from Freudian Perspectives: Goals, Resolution, and Process  

Note: This subunit is covered by the last portion of lecture 2a (from 70 minutes until the end) and the first portion of lecture 2b (until 53 minutes and 45 seconds) assigned beneath unit 2. 

2.2.8 Current Influence of Modern Psychodynamic Approaches  

2.2.8.1 Lester Loborsky and Object-Relations Theory  

Note: This subunit is covered by the last portion of lecture 2a (from 70 minutes until the end) and the first portion of lecture 2b (until 53 minutes and 45 seconds) assigned beneath unit 2. 

2.2.8.2 Importance of Interpersonal Patterns  

Note: This subunit is covered by the last portion of lecture 2a (from 70 minutes until the end) and the first portion of lecture 2b (until 53 minutes and 45 seconds) assigned beneath unit 2. 

2.2.8.3 Therapeutic Relationship: Change in Therapy  

Note: This subunit is covered by the last portion of lecture 2a (from 70 minutes until the end) and the first portion of lecture 2b (until 53 minutes and 45 seconds) assigned beneath unit 2. 

2.3 Behavioral Paradigm  

2.3.1 Importance of measurement  

Note: This subunit is covered by the last portion of lecture 2b (from 53 minutes and 45 seconds until the end) and the first portion of lecture 3a (until 42 minutes and 30 seconds) assigned beneath unit 2.

2.3.2 S-O-R-C-C Model: Variables of Interest  

Note: This subunit is covered by the last portion of lecture 2b (from 53 minutes and 45 seconds until the end) and the first portion of lecture 3a (until 42 minutes and 30 seconds) assigned beneath unit 2.  Also, please note that S-O-R-C-C stands for “Stimulus, Organism, Response, Contingency, and Consequence,” which represent variables of interest in the behavioral paradigm.

2.3.3 Classical Conditioning  

Note: This subunit is covered by the last portion of lecture 2b (from 53 minutes and 45 seconds until the end) and the first portion of lecture 3a (until 42 minutes and 30 seconds) assigned beneath unit 2.

2.3.4 Operant Condition  

Note: This subunit is covered by the last portion of lecture 2b (from 53 minutes and 45 seconds until the end) and the first portion of lecture 3a (until 42 minutes and 30 seconds) assigned beneath unit 2

2.3.5 Token Economy  

Note: This subunit is covered by the last portion of lecture 2b (from 53 minutes and 45 seconds until the end) and the first portion of lecture 3a (until 42 minutes and 30 seconds) assigned beneath unit 2

2.3.6 Bio-Psycho-Social Model of Behavioral Approach  

Note: This subunit is covered by the last portion of lecture 2b (from 53 minutes and 45 seconds until the end) and the first portion of lecture 3a (until 42 minutes and 30 seconds) assigned beneath unit 2

2.4 Cognitive Paradigm  

2.4.1 Background: Influence of Laboratory Research  

Note: This subunit is covered by the last portion of lecture 3a (from 42 minutes and 30 seconds until the end) and the first portion of lecture 3b (until 30 minutes and 20 seconds assigned beneath unit 2

2.4.2 Assumptions of Cognitive Paradigm  

Note: This subunit is covered by the last portion of lecture 3a (from 42 minutes and 30 seconds until the end) and the first portion of lecture 3b (until 30 minutes and 20 seconds assigned beneath unit 2

2.4.3 Memory Research  

Note: This subunit is covered by the last portion of lecture 3a (from 42 minutes and 30 seconds until the end) and the first portion of lecture 3b (until 30 minutes and 20 seconds assigned beneath unit 2

2.4.4 Cognitive Processes and Emotion  

Note: This subunit is covered by the last portion of lecture 3a (from 42 minutes and 30 seconds until the end) and the first portion of lecture 3b (until 30 minutes and 20 seconds assigned beneath unit 2

2.4.5 Stroop Test  

Note: This subunit is covered by the last portion of lecture 3a (from 42 minutes and 30 seconds until the end) and the first portion of lecture 3b (until 30 minutes and 20 seconds assigned beneath unit 2

2.4.6 George Kelly’s Construct Theory/Therapy  

Note: This subunit is covered by the last portion of lecture 3a (from 42 minutes and 30 seconds until the end) and the first portion of lecture 3b (until 30 minutes and 20 seconds assigned beneath unit 2

2.4.7 Beck’s Cognitive Therapy  

Note: This subunit is covered by the last portion of lecture 3a (from 42 minutes and 30 seconds until the end) and the first portion of lecture 3b (until 30 minutes and 20 seconds assigned beneath unit 2

2.4.8 Ellis’s Rational Emotive Therapy  

Note: This subunit is covered by the last portion of lecture 3a (from 42 minutes and 30 seconds until the end) and the first portion of lecture 3b (until 30 minutes and 20 seconds assigned beneath unit 2

2.4.9 Current Status: Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy  

Note: This subunit is covered by the last portion of lecture 3a (from 42 minutes and 30 seconds until the end) and the first portion of lecture 3b (until 30 minutes and 20 seconds assigned beneath unit 2

2.5 Diathesis Stress-Model  

Note: This subunit is covered by the last portion of lecture 1b (from 65 minutes and 40 seconds until the end) assigned beneath unit 2, as well as the reading listed below.  It is also referenced at different points in the lectures throughout the semester

• Reading: PubMedCentral’s version of Dr. Grazyna Kochanska, Dr. Robert A. Philibert, and Dr. Robin A. Barry’s (2009) “Interplay of Genes and Early Mother-Child Relationship in the Development of Self-Regulation from Toddler to Preschool Age”

  Link: PubMedCentral’s version of Dr. Grazyna Kochanska, Dr. Robert A. Philibert, and Dr. Robin A. Barry’s (2009) "Interplay of Genes and Early Mother-Child Relationship in the Development of Self-Regulation from Toddler to Preschool Age" (HTML or PDF)
   
  Instructions: Please click on the link above and read the entirety of this article, which provides an example of how the diathesis-stress model can explain psychological difficulties.  Please note that for the purposes of this course, you should skip the results section.  Also, this article contains a detailed explanation of the possible genetic contributors to later emotion regulation difficulties.  It is not important that you understand the detailed account of the genetic contributions but instead please focus on how the model explains the gene-environment interaction. 
   
  Note: You can access a PDF version of this article from the top right corner of the above linked page.
   
  Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.

  See a broken link? Please let us know!

Unit 3: Classification Systems and Research Methods in Abnormal Psychology  

What are the major categories of psychological disorders and the defining characteristics of these diagnostic labels?  This unit will provide us with information to address this question and others like it.  First, we will learn about the historical context out of which the current classification system was developed.  Next, we will learn the terms and concepts you need to fully understand the current classification system—the Diagnosticand Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV-TR (DSM-IV).  Finally, we will learn about research methods used in the service of providing information about disorders to clinicians, family members, patients, and the general public.   

Unit 3 Time Advisory   show close


Unit 3 Learning Outcomes   show close


• Lecture: LearnersTV’s version of University of Houston: Dr. Lynn Rehm’s Lecture Series, Abnormal Psychology: “Lecture 3B” and “Lecture 4A”

  Links: LearnersTV’s version of University of Houston: Dr. Lynn Rehm’s Lecture Series, Abnormal Psychology: "Lecture 3B" and "Lecture 4A" (Flash Videos)
   
  Also Available In:
  YouTube – Lecture 3B
  YouTube – Lecture 4A
   
  Instructions: These lectures cover subunits 3.1–3.6.4.  First, please click on the webpage linked here entitled “Lecture 3B,” then click on the icon for lecture 3B and start the video at 30 minutes and 20 seconds and watch this lecture to the end.  Second, please click on the webpage linked here entitled “Lecture 4A,” then click on the icon for lecture 4A and watch up until 20 minutes and 20 seconds, as this portion of the lecture is relevant to the topic.  In total, these assigned lectures will take you 67 minutes to watch (47 and 20 minutes, respectively).   
             
  Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.

  The Saylor Foundation does not yet have materials for this portion of the course. If you are interested in contributing your content to fill this gap or aware of a resource that could be used here, please submit it here.

  Submit Materials

• Reading: University of Tasmania: Professor Saxby Pridmore’s Download of Psychiatry: “Chapter 3: Classification of Mental Disorders”

  Link: University of Tasmania: Professor Saxby Pridmore’s Download of Psychiatry:"Chapter 3: Classification of Mental Disorders" (PDF)
   
  Instructions: This reading covers subunits 3.1–3.6.4.  Please click on the link above, download the chapter entitled “Chapter 3: Classification of Mental Disorders,” and read the entirety of this chapter.
   
  Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.

  See a broken link? Please let us know!

3.1 Usefulness of Classification System  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 3.

3.2 History of Classification Systems in Psychopathology  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 3, as well as the readings listed here.

• Reading: American College of Neuropsychopharmacology’s Psychopharmacology: The Fourth Generation of Progress: “The DSM-IV Classification and Psychopharmacology” and the American Psychiatric Organization’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual: “History”

  Links: American College of Neuropsychopharmacology’s Psychopharmacology: The Fourth Generation of Progress: "The DSM-IV Classification and Psychopharmocology" (HTML) and the American Psychiatric Organization’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual: "History" (HTML)
   
  Instructions: For the first reading, please click on the above link and read the entirety of the article.  For the second reading, please click on the above link and read the short paragraph which introduces the DSM-IV.  Next, go to the left-hand side of the page and click on “History.”  Read each section included in the resources section (i.e., Pre-World War II, Post-World War II, Development of DSM-III, and DSM-III and DSM-IV). 
   
  Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.          

  See a broken link? Please let us know!

3.3 Issues of Reliability  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 3.

3.4 Current Classification System: DSM-IV  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 3.

3.5 Terms and Major Categories in the DSM-IV  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 3.

3.6 Research Methods  

3.6.1 Correlational  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 3.

3.6.2 Experimental  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 3.

3.6.3 Case Studies  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 3.

3.6.4 Single Subject Designs  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 3.

Unit 4: Anxiety Disorders  

Over the last three units, you have developed a broad platform of understanding on which to learn more about the field of abnormal psychology.  In the remaining units, we will use that framework to learn about some common disorders, their specifications, and their treatments.  In this unit, we will learn more about anxiety disorders.  First, we will take a closer look at anxiety itself and learn of its potential adaptive nature and evolutionary function.  Next, we will focus on “anxiety gone awry,” when anxiety reactions take more extreme forms and cause distress, disruption, and dysfunction.  In this section of the unit, we will learn how to differentiate between the major subtypes of anxiety disorders including the different types of phobias, obsessive-compulsive, generalized anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorders.  We will learn more about the potential causes which lead to the development of anxiety disorders, as seen through the vantage point of a variety of paradigms in the field of abnormal psychology.  We will also learn more about the research which helps us to understand these disorders more fully and to treat people with these disorders in more effective ways.  Through hearing various case examples, we will come to appreciate how clinicians treat this disorder and the prognosis or probability of recovery from these disorders.  

Unit 4 Time Advisory   show close


Unit 4 Learning Outcomes   show close


4.1 An Introduction to Anxiety  

• Lecture: LearnersTV’s version of University of Houston: Dr. Lynn Rehm’s Lecture Series, Abnormal Psychology: “Lecture 4A,” “Lecture 4B,” and “Lecture 5A”

  Links: LearnersTV’s version of University of Houston: Dr. Lynn Rehm’s Lecture Series, Abnormal Psychology "Lecture 4A,"  "Lecture 4B"and "Lecture 5A" (Flash Videos)
   
  Also Available In:
  YouTube – Lecture 4A
  YouTube – Lecture 4B
  YouTube – Lecture 5A
   
  Instructions: These lectures cover subunits 4.1.1–4.3.3.  First, please click on the webpage linked here entitled “Lecture 4A,” then click on the icon for lecture 4A and start the video at 22 minutes and 20 seconds and watch this lecture to the end.  Second, please click on the webpage linked here entitled “Lecture 4B,” then click on the icon for lecture 4B and watch the entirety of this lecture.  Lastly, please click on the webpage listed here entitled “Lecture 5A,” then click on the icon for lecture 5A and watch the video up until 46 minutes and 20 seconds, as this portion of the lecture is relevant to the topic.  In total, these assigned lectures will take you 171 minutes or 2 hours and 51 minutes to watch (50, 75, and 46 minutes, respectively).   
             
  Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.

  The Saylor Foundation does not yet have materials for this portion of the course. If you are interested in contributing your content to fill this gap or aware of a resource that could be used here, please submit it here.

  Submit Materials

4.1.1 Anxiety Defined  

Note: This subunit is covered by the middle portion of lecture 4a (from 22 minutes and 22 seconds until 69 minutes) assigned beneath unit 4

4.1.2 Function of Anxiety and Evolutionary Conservatism  

Note: This subunit is covered by the middle portion of lecture 4a (from 22 minutes and 22 seconds until 69 minutes) assigned beneath unit 4

4.1.3 Physiological, Behavioral, Cognitive, and Emotional Components of Anxiety  

Note: This subunit is covered by the middle portion of lecture 4a (from 22 minutes and 22 seconds until 69 minutes) assigned beneath unit 4

4.1.4 State or Trait Anxiety  

Note: This subunit is covered by the middle portion of lecture 4a (from 22 minutes and 22 seconds until 69 minutes) assigned beneath unit 4

4.1.5 Yerkes-Dodson Law  

Note: This subunit is covered by the middle portion of lecture 4a (from 22 minutes and 22 seconds until 69 minutes) assigned beneath unit 4

4.2 Anxiety Disorders  

4.2.1 Paradigms in Abnormal Psychology: Perspectives on Anxiety Disorders  

4.2.1.1 Perspectives from the Classical Viewpoints in Psychology  

Note: This subunit is covered by the middle portion of lecture 4a (from 22 minutes and 22 seconds until 69 minutes) assigned beneath unit 4

4.2.1.2 Genetic Factors  

Note: This subunit is covered by the middle portion of lecture 4a (from 22 minutes and 22 seconds until 69 minutes) assigned beneath unit 4

4.2.1.3 Neurobiological Mechanisms and Neuroimaging Studies  

Note: This subunit is covered by the middle portion of lecture 4a (from 22 minutes and 22 seconds until 69 minutes) assigned beneath unit 4

4.2.2 Major Types of Anxiety Disorders: From Diagnosis to Epidemiology  

4.2.2.1 Specific Phobia  

Note: This subunit is covered by the end portion of lecture 4a (from 69 minutes until the end), the entirety of lecture 4b, and the first portion of lecture 5a (until 46 minutes and 20 seconds) assigned beneath unit 4, as well as the reading listed below

• Reading: University of Tasmania: Professor Saxby Pridmore’s Psychiatry: “Chapter 19: Fear and Anxiety”

  Link: University of Tasmania: Professor Saxby Pridmore’s Download of Psychiatry: "Chapter 19: Fear and Anxiety" (PDF)
   
  Instructions: This reading will cover subunits 4.2.2.1–4.2.2.4.  Please click on the link above, download the chapter entitled “Chapter 19: Fear and Anxiety,” and read the entirety of this chapter.
   
  Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.

  See a broken link? Please let us know!

4.2.2.2 Panic and Agoraphobia  

Note: This subunit is covered by the end portion of lecture 4a (from 69 minutes until the end), the entirety of lecture 4b, and the first portion of lecture 5a (until 46 minutes and 20 seconds) assigned beneath unit 4

4.2.2.3 Social Phobias  

Note: This subunit is covered by the end portion of lecture 4a (from 69 minutes until the end), the entirety of lecture 4b, and the first portion of lecture 5a (until 46 minutes and 20 seconds) assigned beneath unit 4

4.2.2.4 Generalized Anxiety  

Note: This subunit is covered by the end portion of lecture 4a (from 69 minutes until the end), the entirety of lecture 4b, and the first portion of lecture 5a (until 46 minutes and 20 seconds) assigned beneath unit 4

4.2.2.5 Obsessive-Compulsive  

Note: This subunit is covered by the end portion of lecture 4a (from 69 minutes until the end), the entirety of lecture 4b, and the first portion of lecture 5a (until 46 minutes and 20 seconds) assigned beneath unit 4, as well as the reading listed below

• Reading: University of Tasmania: Professor Saxby Pridmore’s Download of Psychiatry: “Chapter 13: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder”

  Link: University of Tasmania: Professor Saxby Pridmore’s Download of Psychiatry: "Chapter 13: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder" (PDF)
   
  Instructions: Please click on the link above, download the chapter entitled “Chapter 13: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder,” and read the entirety of this chapter.
   
  Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.

  See a broken link? Please let us know!

4.2.2.6 Post-Traumatic Stress  

Note: This subunit is covered by the end portion of lecture 4a (from 69 minutes until the end), the entirety of lecture 4b, and the first portion of lecture 5a (until 46 minutes and 20 seconds), as well as the reading listed below

• Reading: University of Tasmania: Pridmore’s Download of Psychiatry: “Chapter 11: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder”

  Link: University of Tasmania: Professor Saxby Pridmore’s Download of Psychiatry: "Chapter 11: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder" (PDF)
   
  Instructions: Please click on the link above, download the chapter entitled “Chapter 11: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder,” and read the entirety of this chapter.
   
  Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above

  See a broken link? Please let us know!

4.3 Treatment of Anxiety Disorders  

4.3.1 Comorbidity with Depression and Substance Use  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures assigned beneath unit 4

4.3.2 Forms of Treatment  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures assigned beneath unit 4, as well as the readings listed below.

• Reading: University of Tasmania: Professor Saxby Pridmore’s Download of Psychiatry: “Chapter 17: Antianxiety and Hypnotic Drugs” and California State University: Dr. Thomas G. Stevens’ “Desensitization”

  Links: University of Tasmania: Professor Saxby Pridmore’s Download of Psychiatry :"Chapter 17: Antianxiety and Hypnotic Drugs" (PDF) and California State University: Dr. Thomas G. Stevens’ “Desensitization” (HTML)
   
  Instructions: Specifically, the first reading addresses medication management as one possible treatment for anxiety.  Please click on the link above, download the chapter entitled “Chapter 17: Antianxiety and Hypnotic Drugs,” and skim the entirety of this chapter.  Please note that you will not need to know the exact names and specifications of each drug listed.  Instead, focus on the general classes of drugs and controversies surrounding these prescribed drugs.  The second reading addresses a popular and well-researched behavioral treatment for phobias and other anxiety disorders—that of desensitization.  For the second reading, please click on the above link and read the entirety of these self-help instructions to gage the steps required of desensitization. 
   
  Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpages above

  See a broken link? Please let us know!

4.3.3 Prognosis in Treatment of Disorders  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures assigned beneath unit 4.

• Assessment: The Saylor Foundation’s “Diagnosis and Treatment: Anxiety Disorder”

  Link: The Saylor Foundation’s “Diagnosis and Treatment: Anxiety Disorder” (PDF)
   
  Instructions: This assessment will take you approximately 20-30 minutes to complete.  Please click on the webpage linked here, and complete the entirety of the assessment, which will help test your knowledge related to the diagnoses and treatment of anxiety disorders (i.e., learning outcomes 1b, 1c, 1d, 4b, 4c, and 4d). When you are done, check your work against the Saylor Foundation's “Assessment 1 Answer Key” (PDF).
   
  Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.

  See a broken link? Please let us know!

Unit 5: Somatoform Disorders  

From Plato to Aristotle to Descartes, philosophers have long debated the nature of the mind-body connection.  This question has intrigued many for centuries and continues to be a topic of debate and discussion in the field of psychology.  Somatoform disorders exemplify a situation in which psychological distress manifests itself in physical ways and highlights the mind-body connection.  In this unit, we will explore the nature of somatization and learn about how the major paradigms in abnormal psychology explain the origins of these disorders.  We will also learn more about the controversy over whether or not society’s tendency to “medicalize’ contributes to the prevalence of this disorder.  Lastly, we will learn more about the specific types of somatoform disorders—the diagnostic criteria which define them and the treatments which seek to cure them.

Unit 5 Time Advisory   show close


Unit 5 Learning Outcomes   show close


• Reading: LearnersTV’s version of University of Houston: Dr. Lynn Rehm’s Lecture Series, Abnormal Psychology: “Lecture 5A”

  Link: LearnersTV’s version of University of Houston: Dr. Lynn Rehm’s Lecture Series, Abnormal Psychology: "Lecture 5A" (Flash Video)
   
  Also Available In:
  YouTube
   
  Instructions: This lecture covers subunits 5.1.1–5.3.2.  First, please click on the webpage linked here entitled “Lecture 5A," then click on the icon for lecture 5A and start the video at 46 minutes and 20 seconds and watch this lecture to the end, as this portion of the lecture is relevant to the topic.  In total, this lecture should take you approximately 35 minutes to watch.
             
  Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.

  The Saylor Foundation does not yet have materials for this portion of the course. If you are interested in contributing your content to fill this gap or aware of a resource that could be used here, please submit it here.

  Submit Materials

5.1 Introduction to Somatization  

5.1.1 Somatization Defined  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lecture assigned beneath unit 5.

5.1.2 Connection to Alexthymia  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lecture assigned beneath unit 5.

5.1.3 Related Disorders  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lecture assigned beneath unit 5, as well as the reading listed below.

• Reading: University of Tasmania: Professor Saxby Pridmore’s Download of Psychiatry: “Chapter 23: Factitious Disorders and Malingering”

  Link: University of Tasmania: Professor Saxby Pridmore’s Download of Psychiatry :"Chapter 23: Factitious Disorders and Malingering" (PDF)
   
  Instructions: This reading will cover subunits 5.1.3.1–5.1.3.2.  Please click on the link above, download the chapter entitled “Chapter 23: Factitious Disorders and Malingering,” and read the entirety of this chapter. 
   
  Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above

  See a broken link? Please let us know!

5.1.3.1 Malingering Factitious Disorder  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lecture assigned beneath unit 5, as well as the reading covered beneath subunit 5.1.3.

5.1.3.2 Hypochondriasis  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lecture assigned beneath unit 5.

5.2 Somatoform Disorders  

5.2.1 Paradigms in Abnormal Psychology: Perspectives on Somatization  

5.2.1.1 Potential Influence of Medicalization  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lecture assigned beneath unit 5, as well as the reading listed below.

• Reading: University of Tasmania: Professor Saxby Pridmore’s Download of Psychiatry: “Chapter 32: Medicalization/Psychiatricization of Distress”

  Link: University of Tasmania: Professor Saxby Pridmore’s Download of Psychiatry: "Chapter 32: Medicalization/Psychiatricization of Distress”(PDF)
   
  Instructions: Please click on the link above, download the chapter entitled “Chapter 32: Medicalization/Psychiatricization of Distress” and read the entirety of this chapter.  Please note that the content of this chapter addresses a different aspect of medicalization.  While reading this chapter, please think about and reflect on the broader concept/theme of the “mind-body connection.”
   
  Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.

  See a broken link? Please let us know!

5.2.1.2 Attribution Theory  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lecture assigned beneath unit 5

5.2.1.3 Theory of Abnormal Illness Behavior  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lecture assigned beneath unit 5

5.2.1.4 Perspectives from the Classical Viewpoints in Psychology  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lecture assigned beneath unit 5

5.2.2 Major Types of Somatoform Disorders: From Diagnosis to Epidemiology  

• Reading: University of Tasmania: Professor Saxby Pridmore’s Download of Psychiatry: “Chapter 22: Somatization”

  Link: University of Tasmania: Professor Saxby Pridmore’s Download of Psychiatry: "Chapter 22: Somatization" (PDF)
   
  Instructions: This reading will cover subunits 5.2.2.1–5.2.2.3.  Specifically, this chapter addresses medication management as one possible treatment for anxiety.  Please click on the link above, download the chapter entitled “Chapter 22: Somatization,” and read the entirety of this chapter. 
   
  Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above

  See a broken link? Please let us know!

5.2.2.1 Somatoform Pain Disorder  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lecture assigned beneath unit 5, as well as the reading assigned beneath subunit 5.2.2

5.2.2.2 Body Dysmorphic Disorder  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lecture assigned beneath unit 5, as well as the reading assigned beneath subunit 5.2.2

5.2.2.3 Conversion Disorder  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lecture assigned beneath unit 5, as well as the reading assigned beneath subunit 5.2.2

5.3 Treatment of Somatoform Disorder  

• Reading: Biomedcentral Public Health’s version of Dr. Lyonne Zonneveld et al.’s (2009) “The effectiveness of a training for patients with unexplained physical symptoms: protocol of a cognitive behavioral group training and randomized controlled trial”

  Link: Biomedcentral Public Health’s version of Dr. Lyonne Zonneveld et al.’s (2009) “The effectiveness of a training for patients with unexplained physical symptoms: protocol of a cognitive behavioral group training and randomized controlled trial” (HTML or PDF)
                                     
  Instructions: Please click on the link above and read the entirety of this article which will illuminate the effort placed on developing and testing new interventions to utilize when treating psychological issues.  Please note that for the purposes of this course you may bypass reading the results.
   
  Note: You can access a PDF version of this article from the right hand side of the above linked page.
   
  Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.

  See a broken link? Please let us know!

5.3.1 Forms of Treatment  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lecture assigned beneath unit 5, as well as the reading assigned to unit 5.3

5.3.2 Prognosis in Treatment of Disorders  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lecture assigned beneath unit 5, as well as the reading assigned to unit 5.3

Unit 6: Disorders of Eating and Sleeping  

Like somatoform disorders, eating and sleeping disorders can often be conceptualized as manifestations of psychological issues in physical forms.  Unlike somatoform disorders, eating and sleeping disorders are relatively “common” psychological disorders which impact millions of Americans every year.  In this unit, we will first turn our attention to eating disorders which have potentially grave physical consequences.  These disorders particularly impact women, a fact which sheds light on the sociocultural contributors to this disorder.  In this section of the unit, we will learn more about the potential sociocultural, genetic, and familial contributors to the development of eating disorders.  We will also learn about the major types of eating disorders and how clinicians treat these disorders.  In the second section of the unit, we will learn about sleeping disorders.  In this section, we will first learn about normal sleep patterns.  Next, we will learn about the nature of disrupted sleep and the assessments and treatments associated with various types of sleep disorders.  

Unit 6 Time Advisory   show close


Unit 6 Learning Outcomes   show close


• Reading: LearnersTV’s version of University of Houston: Dr. Lynn Rehm’s Lecture Series, Abnormal Psychology: “Lecture 7B,” and “Lecture 8A”

  Links: LearnersTV’s version of University of Houston: Dr. Lynn Rehm’s Lecture Series, Abnormal Psychology: "Lecture 7B," and "Lecture 8A" (Flash Videos)
   
  Also Available In:
  YouTube – Lecture 7B
  YouTube – Lecture 8A
   
  Instructions: These lectures cover subunits 6.1.1–6.4.3.  First, please click on the webpage linked here entitled “Lecture 7B,” then click on the icon for lecture 7B and watch the entirety of this lecture.  Second, please click on the webpage linked here entitled “Lecture 8A,” then click on the icon for lecture 8A and watch the video up until 10 minutes and 35 seconds, as this portion of the lecture is relevant to the topic.  In total, these assigned lectures will take you 86 minutes or 1 hour and 26 minutes to watch (76 and 10 minutes, respectively).   
             
  Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above

  The Saylor Foundation does not yet have materials for this portion of the course. If you are interested in contributing your content to fill this gap or aware of a resource that could be used here, please submit it here.

  Submit Materials

6.1 Eating Disorders  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures assigned beneath unit 6, as well as the reading listed below.

• Reading: University of Tasmania: Professor Saxby Pridmore’s Download of Psychiatry: “Chapter 14: Eating Disorders”

  Link: University of Tasmania: Professor Saxby Pridmore’s Download of Psychiatry: "Chapter 14: Eating Disorders" (PDF)
   
  Instructions: This reading will cover subunits 6.1.1.1–6.1.3.3.  Please click on the link above, download the chapter entitled “Chapter 14: Eating Disorders,” and read the entirety of this chapter. 
   
  Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.

  See a broken link? Please let us know!

6.1.1 Potential Factors That Contribute to the Development of Eating Disorders  

6.1.1.1 Sociocultural  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures assigned beneath unit 6, the reading assigned beneath subunit 6.1, as well as the reading listed below.

• Reading: Dovepress Journal’s version of Dr. Aila Gustafsson et al.,’s (2011) “How to Deal with Sociocultural Pressures in Daily Life: Reflections of Adolescent Girls Suffering from Eating Disorders”

  Link: Dovepress Journal’s version of Dr. Aila Gustafsson et al.,’s (2011) “How to Deal with Sociocultural Pressures in Daily Life: Reflections of Adolescent Girls Suffering from Eating Disorders” (PDF)
   
  Instructions: Please click on the link above, download the pdf version of this article using the button located below the abstract, and read the entirety of this article, which addresses the sociocultural aspects of eating disorders.  Please note that this is a qualitative study which approaches research in a different manner than that of quantitative studies.  This study takes a phenomological approach and addresses the direct perspectives of those diagnoses with eating disorders. 
   
  Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above

  See a broken link? Please let us know!

6.1.1.2 Genetics  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures assigned beneath unit 6, as well as the reading assigned beneath subunit 6.1.

6.1.1.3 Familial  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures assigned beneath unit 6, as well as the reading assigned beneath subunit 6.1

6.1.2 Physical Consequences of Eating Disorders  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures assigned beneath unit 6, as well as the reading assigned beneath subunit 6.1.

6.1.3 Major Types of Eating Disorders: From Diagnosis to Epidemiology  

6.1.3.1 Anorexia Nervosa  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures assigned beneath unit 6, as well as the reading assigned beneath subunit 6.1.

6.1.3.2 Bulimia Nervosa  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures assigned beneath unit 6, as well as the reading assigned beneath subunit 6.1.

6.1.3.3 Eating Disorders Not Otherwise Specified  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures assigned beneath unit 6, as well as the reading assigned beneath subunit 6.1.

6.2 Treatment of Eating Disorders  

6.2.1 Forms of Treatment  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures assigned beneath unit 6.

6.2.2 Prognosis in Treatment of Disorders  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures assigned beneath unit 6

6.2.3 Comorbidities of Eating Disorders  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures assigned beneath unit 6.

• Reading: Redalyc Scientific Information System’s version of Dr. Mercedes Borda Mas, Dr. Immaculada Torres Perez, and Dr. Carmen Del Rio Sanchez’s (2008) “Dysthymia in Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa”

  Link: Redalyc Scientific Information System’s version of Dr. Mercedes Borda Mas, Dr. Immaculada Torres Perez, and Dr. Carmen Del Rio Sanchez’s (2008) "Dysthymia in Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa" (PDF)
   
  Instructions: Please click on the link above and read the entirety of this article, which addresses comorbidity issues with eating disorders. 
   
  Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.

  See a broken link? Please let us know!

6.3 Sleep Disorders  

• Web Media: University of Maryland Medical Center’s Interview with Dr. Steven Sharf on “Sleep and Insomnia: Part I”

  Link: University of Maryland Medical Center’s Interview with Dr. Steven Sharf on "Sleep and Insomnia: Part I"  (Flash Video)
   
  Instructions: This video will cover subunits 6.3.1–6.4.2.  Please click on the link above and watch the entirety of the videos entitled “Sleep and Insomnia,” which represent the first and second portions of the interview with Dr. Steven Sharf.  These videos will last a total of 26 minutes (14 and 12 minutes, respectively). 
   
  Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.

  See a broken link? Please let us know!

6.3.1 Circadian Rhythms, the Wake-Sleep Cycle, and Stages of Sleep  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures assigned beneath unit 6, as well as the reading listed beneath subunit 6.3

6.3.2 Changes in Sleep Across Lifespan  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures assigned beneath unit 6, as well as the reading listed beneath subunit 6.3

6.3.3 Assessments of Sleep (i.e., physiological, self-report, and observer report)  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures assigned beneath unit 6, as well as the reading listed beneath subunit 6.3neath unit 4

6.3.4 Dyssomnias: From Diagnosis to Epidemiology  

6.3.4.1 Primary Insomnia  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures assigned beneath unit 6, as well as the reading listed beneath subunit 6.3.

6.3.4.2 Primary Hypersomnia  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures assigned beneath unit 6, as well as the reading listed beneath subunit 6.3

6.3.4.3 Narcolepsy  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures assigned beneath unit 6, as well as the reading listed beneath subunit 6.3

6.3.4.4 Breathing-Related Disorder  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures assigned beneath unit 6, as well as the reading listed beneath subunit 6.3

6.3.4.5 Circadian Rhythm Disorder  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures assigned beneath unit 6, as well as the reading listed beneath subunit 6.3

6.3.5 Parasomnias: From Diagnosis to Epidemiology  

6.3.5.1 Nightmare Disorder  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures assigned beneath unit 6, as well as the reading listed beneath subunit 6.3

6.3.5.2 Sleep Terror Disorder  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures assigned beneath unit 6, as well as the reading listed beneath subunit 6.3

6.3.5.3 Sleepwalking Disorder  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures assigned beneath unit 6, as well as the reading listed beneath subunit 6.3

6.4 Treatment  

6.4.1 Cognitive/Behavioral Recommendations  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures assigned beneath unit 6, as well as the readings listed below

• Reading: University of Maryland’s Medical Center: Sleep Disorder Center’s “Sleep Hygiene: Helpful Hints to Help you Sleep” and “Treatment of Insomnia”

  Link: University of Maryland’s Medical Center: Sleep Disorder Center’s "Sleep Hygiene: Helpful Hints to Help you Sleep" (HTML) and "Treatment of Insomnia" (HTML)
   
  Instructions: For the first reading, please click on the link above and read the short introductory paragraph.  Next, click on the individual links, which will provide you with more information regarding good sleep hygiene.  For the second reading, please click on the link above, read the short introductory paragraph, and click on the individual links entitled “Cognitive Therapy” and “Simple Things to Try When You Can’t Sleep.”  Note that some or even many individuals who meet diagnostic criteria for sleep disorders may still struggle with sleep even after these recommendations have been implemented successfully.  For this reason, doctors and psychologists often recommend a combined medication-therapy approach to treat patients with more chronic issues surrounding sleep. 
   
  Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above

  See a broken link? Please let us know!

6.4.2 Relaxation Exercises  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures assigned beneath unit 6, as well as the web media listed below.

• Web Media: University of Maryland’s Medical Center: Sleep Disorder Center’s “Relaxation Techniques”

  Link: University of Maryland’s Medical Center: Sleep Disorder Center’s "Relaxation Techniques" (HTML and WMA Audio)
   
  Instructions: Please click on the link above and listen to one of the audio tapes associated with the listed relaxation techniques.  This will help you understand the nature and practice of using relaxation techniques, a common recommendation for dealing with sleep issues.
   
  Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above

  See a broken link? Please let us know!

6.4.3 Drug Treatment  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures assigned beneath unit 6

Unit 7: Mood Disorders  

Depression has been described as the “common cold” of psychological disorders.  Although this metaphor accurately captures the fact that depression is the most cited reason for clinical treatment, it downplays the very real and far-reaching detrimental impact that depression has on those diagnosed, family and friends of those diagnosed, and society as a whole.  Mood disorders are one of the leading causes of suicide in the United States—a phenomena which has a large negative impact on society and its members.  In this unit, we will learn about the major types of mood disorders including depression, bipolar disorder, dysthymia, and cyclothymia.  We will learn which characteristics are common to all mood disorders and then more about the specific symptoms and treatments associated with each type of mood disorder.  Finally, we will learn about the phenomenon of suicide.  In this section, we will learn more about the factors associated with an increased risk of suicide and what research findings say about predicting and preventing suicide.  Finally, we will be provided with recommendations for how to help a friend, colleague, or family member when he/she has expressed suicidal thoughts, feelings, or behaviors.

Unit 7 Time Advisory   show close


Unit 7 Learning Outcomes   show close


• Lecture: LearnersTV’s version of University of Houston: Dr. Lynn Rehm’s Lecture Series, Abnormal Psychology: “Lecture 6A,” “Lecture 6B,” and “Lecture 7A”

  Links: LearnersTV’s version of University of Houston: Dr. Lynn Rehm’s Lecture Series, Abnormal Psychology: "Lecture 6A,"  "Lecture 6B,"and "Lecture 7A" (Flash Videos)
  
  Also Available In:
  YouTube – Lecture 6A
  YouTube – Lecture 6B
  YouTube – Lecture 7A
   
  Instructions: These lectures cover subunits 7.1.1–7.5.6.  First, please click on the webpage linked here entitled “Lecture 6A,” then click on the icon for lecture 6A and start the video at 35 minutes and 35 seconds and watch this lecture to the end.  Second, please click on the webpage linked here entitled “Lecture 6B,” then click on the icon for lecture 6B and watch the entirety of this lecture.  Lastly, please click on the webpage listed here entitled “Lecture 7A,” then click on the icon for lecture 7A and watch the entirety of this video.  In total, these assigned lectures will take you 187 minutes or 3 hours and 7 minutes to watch (35, 76, and 76 minutes, respectively).   
             
  Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above

  The Saylor Foundation does not yet have materials for this portion of the course. If you are interested in contributing your content to fill this gap or aware of a resource that could be used here, please submit it here.

  Submit Materials

7.1 An Introduction to Mood Disorders  

7.1.1 Depressive Episodes  

Note: This subunit is covered by lecture 6a and the first portion of lecture 6b (until 59 minutes and 20 seconds) assigned beneath unit 7.

7.1.2 Manic Episodes  

Note: This subunit is covered by lecture 6a and the first portion of lecture 6b (until 59 minutes and 20 seconds) assigned beneath unit 7

7.1.3 Hypomanic Episodes  

Note: This subunit is covered by lecture 6a and the first portion of lecture 6b (until 59 minutes and 20 seconds) assigned beneath unit 7

7.2 Unipolar and Bipolar Mood Disorders: From Diagnosis to Epidemiology  

• Reading: University of Tasmania: Professor Saxby Pridmore’s Download of Psychiatry: “Chapter 8: Sadness and Depression” and “Chapter 9: Mood Elevation Disorders”

  Links: University of Tasmania: Professor Saxby Pridmore’s Download of Psychiatry: "Chapter 8: Sadness and Depression" (PDF) and "Chapter 9: Mood Elevation " (PDF)
   
  Instructions: These readings will cover subunits 7.2.1–7.3.4.  Please click on the link above, download the chapters entitled “Chapter 8: Sadness and Depression” and “Chapter 9: Mood Elevation Disorders” and read the entirety of these chapters. 
   
  Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of Disorders use displayed on the webpage above

  See a broken link? Please let us know!

7.2.1 Major Depressive Disorder  

Note: This subunit is covered by lecture 6a and the first portion of lecture 6b (until 59 minutes and 20 seconds) assigned beneath unit 7.

7.2.2 Dysthymia  

Note: This subunit is covered by lecture 6a and the first portion of lecture 6b (until 59 minutes and 20 seconds) assigned beneath unit 7

7.2.3 Bipolar I and II Mood Disorder  

Note: This subunit is covered by lecture 6a and the first portion of lecture 6b (until 59 minutes and 20 seconds) assigned beneath unit 7

7.2.4 Cyclothymia  

Note: This subunit is covered by lecture 6a and the first portion of lecture 6b (until 59 minutes and 20 seconds) assigned beneath unit 7

7.3 Patterns and Descriptors by Course  

7.3.1 Recurrent  

Note: This subunit is covered by lecture 6a and the first portion of lecture 6b (until 59 minutes and 20 seconds) assigned beneath unit 7

7.3.2 Seasonal  

Note: This subunit is covered by lecture 6a and the first portion of lecture 6b (until 59 minutes and 20 seconds) assigned beneath unit 7

7.3.3 Postpartum  

Note: This subunit is covered by lecture 6a and the first portion of lecture 6b (until 59 minutes and 20 seconds) assigned beneath unit 7

7.3.4 Rapid Cycling  

Note: This subunit is covered by lecture 6a and the first portion of lecture 6b (until 59 minutes and 20 seconds) assigned beneath unit 7

7.4 Paradigms in Abnormal Psychology: Perspectives on Treatment for Mood Disorders  

7.4.1 Psychodynamic  

7.4.1.1 Anger Turned Inward  

Note: This subunit is covered by the last portion of lecture 6b (from 59 minutes and 20 seconds until the end) and the first portion of lecture 7a (until 53 minutes and 40 seconds) assigned beneath unit 7.

7.4.1.2 Sociotropic versus Autonomous Personality  

Note: This subunit is covered by the last portion of lecture 6b (from 59 minutes and 20 seconds until the end) and the first portion of lecture 7a (until 53 minutes and 40 seconds) assigned beneath unit 7.

7.4.1.3 Unresolved Grief  

Note: This subunit is covered by the last portion of lecture 6b (from 59 minutes and 20 seconds until the end) and the first portion of lecture 7a (until 53 minutes and 40 seconds) assigned beneath unit 7.

7.4.2 Cognitive and Behavioral  

7.4.2.1 Social Skills Deficit Model  

Note: This subunit is covered by the last portion of lecture 6b (from 59 minutes and 20 seconds until the end) and the first portion of lecture 7a (until 53 minutes and 40 seconds) assigned beneath unit 7

7.4.2.2 Marital Therapy and Communication  

Note: This subunit is covered by the last portion of lecture 6b (from 59 minutes and 20 seconds until the end) and the first portion of lecture 7a (until 53 minutes and 40 seconds) assigned beneath unit 7

7.4.2.3 Aaron Becks’ Theory on Cognitive Biases  

Note: This subunit is covered by the last portion of lecture 6b (from 59 minutes and 20 seconds until the end) and the first portion of lecture 7a (until 53 minutes and 40 seconds) assigned beneath unit 7

7.4.3 Biological and Genetic Contributors  

Note: This subunit is covered by the last portion of lecture 6b (from 59 minutes and 20 seconds until the end) and the first portion of lecture 7a (until 53 minutes and 40 seconds) assigned beneath unit 7, as well as the reading listed below

• Reading: University of Tasmania: Professor Saxby Pridmore’s Download of Psychiatry: "Chapter 16: Antidepressant Drugs" and "Chapter 18: Mood Stabilizer"

  Links: University of Tasmania: Professor Saxby Pridmore’s Download of Psychiatry: "Chapter 16: Antidepressant Drugs" (PDF) and "Chapter 18: Mood Stabilizer" (PDF)
   
  Instructions: Specifically, these chapters address medication management as one possible treatment for mood disorder.  Please click on the link above, download the chapters entitled “Chapter 16: Antidepressant Drugs” and “Chapter 18: Mood Stabilizer,” and skim the entirety of these chapters.  Please note that you will not need to know the exact names and specifications of each drug listed.  Instead, focus on the general classes of drugs and ignore the specific information regarding each type of drug.
   
  Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above

  See a broken link? Please let us know!

7.4.4 Seligman’s Theory of Learned Helplessness  

7.4.4.1 Environmental Enrichment  

Note: This subunit is covered by the first portion of lecture 7a (until 53 minutes and 40 seconds) assigned beneath unit 7ath unit 4

7.4.4.2 Personal Control Training  

Note: This subunit is covered by the first portion of lecture 7a (until 53 minutes and 40 seconds) assigned beneath unit 7ath unit 4

7.4.4.3 Resignation Training  

Note: This subunit is covered by the first portion of lecture 7a (until 53 minutes and 40 seconds) assigned beneath unit 7ath unit 4

7.4.4.4 Attributional Retraining  

Note: This subunit is covered by the first portion of lecture 7a (until 53 minutes and 40 seconds) assigned beneath unit 7ath unit 4

7.4.5 Social Psychology: Theory on Attribution Styles  

7.4.5.1 Internal versus External  

Note: This subunit is covered by the first portion of lecture 7a (until 53 minutes and 40 seconds) assigned beneath unit 7ath unit 4

7.4.5.2 Stable versus Stable  

Note: This subunit is covered by the first portion of lecture 7a (until 53 minutes and 40 seconds) assigned beneath unit 7ath unit 4

7.4.5.3 Attributional Style Associated with Depression  

Note: This subunit is covered by the first portion of lecture 7a (until 53 minutes and 40 seconds) assigned beneath unit 7ath unit 4

7.4.7 Electroconvulsive Therapy  

7.4.8 Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation  

7.5 Suicide  

• Reading: University of Tasmania: Professor Saxby Pridmore’s Download of Psychiatry: “Chapter 31: Suicide—A Broad View”

  Link: University of Tasmania: Professor Saxby Pridmore’s Download of Psychiatry: "Chapter 31: Suicide—A Broad View" (PDF)
   
  Instructions: This reading will cover subunits 7.5.1–7.5.5.  Please click on the link above, download the chapter entitled “Chapter 31: Suicide—A Broad View,” and read the entirety of this chapter. 
   
  Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above

  See a broken link? Please let us know!

7.5.1 Suicide Statistics  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures assigned beneath unit 7, as well as the reading assigned beneath unit 7.5

7.5.2 History of Suicide  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures assigned beneath unit 7, as well as the reading assigned beneath unit 7.5

7.5.3 Acute and Chronic Risk  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures assigned beneath unit 7, as well as the reading assigned beneath unit 7.5

7.5.4 Factors Contributing to Increased Risk of Suicide  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures assigned beneath unit 7, as well as the reading assigned beneath unit 7.5

7.5.4.1 Distress  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures assigned beneath unit 7, as well as the reading assigned beneath unit 7.5

7.5.4.2 Sociological Model  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures assigned beneath unit 7, as well as the reading assigned beneath unit 7.5

7.5.5 Prediction and Prevention  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures assigned beneath unit 7, as well as the reading assigned beneath unit 7.5

7.5.6 Recommendations for Helping Suicidal Persons  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures assigned beneath unit 7, as well as the reading assigned beneath unit 7.5

• Assessment: The Saylor Foundation’s “Diagnosis and Treatment: Mood Disorder”

  Link: The Saylor Foundation’s “Diagnosis and Treatment: Mood Disorder” (PDF)
   
  Instructions: This assessment will take you approximately 20-30 minutes to complete.  Please click on the webpage linked here, and complete the entirety of the assessment, which will help test your knowledge related to the diagnoses and treatment of mood disorders (i.e., 1b, 1c, 1d, 7a, and 7b). When you are done, check your work against the Saylor Foundation's “Assessment 2 Answer Key” (PDF).
   
  Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.

  See a broken link? Please let us know!

Unit 8: Schizophrenia  

Schizophrenia is a chronic, severe, and debilitating mental disease. It can lead to sustained hallucinations and delusions, among other symptoms, and ultimately cause an individual to lose all touch with reality.  Although the stigma and ignorance surrounding schizophrenia has lessened over the years, many misconceptions still exist.  In this unit, we will learn about how schizophrenia has been treated and conceptualized throughout history.  We will also learn hard facts about the prevalence, diagnostic and prognostic picture, and treatment of various forms of schizophrenia.  Lastly, we will learn about the most up-to-date research on schizophrenia and the advancements being made in psychotropic and psychosocial treatment of this disorder.  

Unit 8 Time Advisory   show close


Unit 8 Learning Outcomes   show close


• Lecture: LearnersTV’s version of University of Houston: Dr. Lynn Rehm’s Lecture Series, Abnormal Psychology: “Lecture 10B” and “Lecture 11A”

  Links: LearnersTV’s version of University of Houston: Dr. Lynn Rehm’s Lecture Series, Abnormal Psychology "Lecture 10B" and "Lecture 11A" (Flash Videos)
   
  Also Available In:
  YouTube – Lecture 10B
  YouTube – Lecture 11A
   
  Instructions: These lectures cover subunits 8.1.1–8.8.3.  First, please click on the webpage linked here entitled “Lecture 10B,” then click on the icon for lecture 10B and watch the entirety of the video.  Second, please click on the webpage linked here entitled “Lecture 11A,” then click on the icon for lecture 11A and watch the video up until 35 minutes and 18 seconds, as this portion of the lecture is relevant to the topic.  In total, these assigned lectures will take you 110 minutes or 1 hour and 50 minutes to watch (75 and 35 minutes, respectively).   
             
  Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above

  The Saylor Foundation does not yet have materials for this portion of the course. If you are interested in contributing your content to fill this gap or aware of a resource that could be used here, please submit it here.

  Submit Materials

• Reading: University of Tasmania: Professor Saxby Pridmore’s Download of Psychiatry: “Chapter 7: Schizophrenia”

  Link: University of Tasmania: Professor Saxby Pridmore’s Download of Psychiatry: "Chapter 7: Schizophrenia" (PDF)
   
  Instructions: This reading will cover subunits 8.1.1–8.8.3.  Please click on the link above, download the chapter entitled “Chapter 7: Schizophrenia,” and read the entirety of this chapter.
   
  Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above

  See a broken link? Please let us know!

8.1 Introduction to Schizophrenia  

8.1.2 Statistics of Schizophrenia  

8.1.2.1 Prevalence Rates  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 8

8.1.2.2 Demographic Factors in Schizophrenia  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 8

8.2 Overview of Diagnostic Criteria  

8.2.1 Definitional Issues  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 8

8.2.2 Positive versus Negative Symptoms  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 8

8.2.3 Impact on Functioning  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 8

8.2.4 Subtypes of Schizophrenia  

8.2.4.1 Paranoid Schizophrenia  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 8

8.2.4.2 Catatonic Schizophrenia  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 8

8.2.4.3 Disorganized Schizophrenia  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 8

8.2.4.4 Undifferentiated Schizophrenia  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 8

8.2.5 Other Psychotic Disorders  

8.2.5.1 Schizophrenoform  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 8

8.2.5.2 Schizoaffecctive  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 8

8.2.5.3 Delusional Disorder  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 8

8.2.5.4 Shared Psychotic Disorder  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 8

8.3 Delusions: Definition, Subtypes, and Processes  

• Reading: University of Tasmania: Professor Saxby Pridmore’s Download of Psychiatry: “Chapter 4: Delusions and Delusional Disorder”

  Link: University of Tasmania: Professor Saxby Pridmore’s Download of Psychiatry: "Chapter 4: Delusions and Delusional Disorder" (PDF)
   
  Instructions: This reading will cover subunits 8.3.1–8.3.3.2.  Please click on the link above, download the chapter entitled “Chapter 4: Delusions and Delusional Disorder,” and read the first six pages of this chapter, as this portion of the chapter is the most relevant to the topic. 
   
  Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above

  See a broken link? Please let us know!

8.3.1 Delusions Defined  

8.3.1.1 Persecutory  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 8 and the reading listed beneath subunit 8.3.

8.3.1.2 Grandiose  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 8 and the reading listed beneath subunit 8.3.

8.3.1.3 Erotomatic  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 8 and the reading listed beneath subunit 8.3.

8.3.1.4 Jealous  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 8 and the reading listed beneath subunit 8.3.

8.3.1.5 Somatic  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 8 and the reading listed beneath subunit 8.3.

8.3.1.6 Religious  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 8 and the reading listed beneath subunit 8.3.

8.3.2 Types of Delusions  

8.3.3 Process of Delusions  

8.3.3.1 Ideas of Reference  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 8 and the reading listed beneath subunit 8.3.

8.3.3.2 Thought Broadcasting, Thought Insertion, and Thought Withdrawal  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 8 and the reading listed beneath subunit 8.3.

8.4 Hallucination: Definition and Subtypes  

• Reading: University of Tasmania: Professor Saxby Pridmore’s Download of Psychiatry: “Chapter 5: Hallucinations”

  Link: University of Tasmania: Professor Saxby Pridmore’s Download of Psychiatry: "Chapter 5: Hallucinations" (PDF)
   
  Instructions: This reading will cover subunits 8.4.1–8.4.2.5.  Please click on the link above, download the chapter entitled “Chapter 5: Hallucinations,” and read the entirety of this chapter.
   
  Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above

  See a broken link? Please let us know!

8.4.1 Hallucinations Defined  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 8 and the reading listed beneath subunit 8.4

8.4.2 Types of Hallucinations  

8.4.2.1 Auditory  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 8 and the reading listed beneath subunit 8.4

8.4.2.2 Visual  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 8 and the reading listed beneath subunit 8.4

8.4.2.3 Olfactory  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 8 and the reading listed beneath subunit 8.4

8.4.2.4 Gustatory  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 8 and the reading listed beneath subunit 8.4

8.4.2.5 Tactile  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 8 and the reading listed beneath subunit 8.4

8.5 Formal Thought Disorder  

• Reading: University of Tasmania: Professor Saxby Pridmore’s Download of Psychiatry: “Chapter 6: Form of Thought”

  Link: University of Tasmania: Professor Saxby Pridmore’s Download of Psychiatry: "Chapter 6: Form of Thought" (PDF)
   
  Instructions: This reading will cover subunits 8.5.1–8.5.2.  Please click on the link above, download the chapter entitled “Chapter 6: Form of Thought,” and read the entirety of this chapter.
   
  Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above

  See a broken link? Please let us know!

8.5.1 Formal Thought Disorder Defined  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 8 and the reading listed beneath subunit 8.5

8.5.2 Neologisms and Word Salad  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 8 and the reading listed beneath subunit 8.5

8.6 Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia  

8.6.1 Alogia  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 8.

8.6.2 Affective Flattening  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 8.

8.6.3 Avolition  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 8.

8.6.4 Anhedonia  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 8.

8.6.5 Attention Impairment  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 8.

8.7 Treatment of Schizophrenia  

8.7.1 Medication Treatments  

8.7.1.1 Classes of Drugs  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 8.

8.7.1.2 Common Side Effects  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 8.

8.7.1.3 Compliance Issues  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 8.

8.7.2 Psychological and Behavioral Interventions  

8.7.2.1 Types of Interventions  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 8.

8.7.2.2 Importance of Medication and Psychological Treatments  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 8.

8.7.3 Differential Prognosis  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 8.

8.7.4 Predictors of Relapse  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 8.

8.8 Contributing Factors to the Development of Schizophrenia: Research Findings and Conclusions  

8.8.1 Biological and Genetic Contributors  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 8.

8.8.2 Environmental Influences  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 8.

8.8.3 Correlates of Schizophrenia  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 8.

• Assessment: The Saylor Foundation’s “Diagnosis and Treatment: Schizophrenia”

  Link: The Saylor Foundation's “Diagnosis and Treatment: Schizophrenia” (PDF)
   
  Instructions: This assessment will take you approximately 20-30 minutes to complete.  Please click on the webpage linked here, and complete the entirety of the assessment, which will help test your knowledge related to the diagnoses and treatment of schizophrenia (i.e., learning outcomes 1b, 1c, 1d, 8c, 8d, 8e, and 8f).  When you are done, check your work against the Saylor Foundation's “Assessment 3 Answer Key” (PDF).
   
  Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.

  See a broken link? Please let us know!

Unit 9: Dissociative Disorders  

Dissociative disorders is an apt name for this group of diagnoses which is characterized by a dissociation from a person’s waking consciousness.  One of the most dramatic examples of the manifestation of this disconnect occurs in the case of individuals with dissociative identity disorder, previously known as multiple personality disorder. In this disorder a person can assume as many as 25 distinct personalities which may differ along any dimension which individual differences can occur including gender, reported occupation, accent, level of extraversion, aggression, and so forth.  Although research has not revealed any one theory which fully explains the nature of the disorder, it is likely that these dissociations serve a protective function for the individual with the disorder.  In this unit, we will first define dissociative disorders and identify the common characteristics among these disorders. Next, we will learn more about the specific subtypes of the disorder—their prevalence, gender differences in diagnosis, correlates of the disorder, and theories surrounding the etiology of the disorder.  

Unit 9 Time Advisory   show close


Unit 9 Learning Outcomes   show close


• Lecture: LearnersTV’s version of University of Houston: Dr. Lynn Rehm’s Lecture Series, Abnormal Psychology: “Lecture 5B,” and “Lecture 6A”

  Links: LearnersTV’s version of University of Houston: Dr. Lynn Rehm’s Lecture Series,Abnormal Psychology: "Lecture 5B," and "Lecture 6A"(Flash Videos)
   
  Also Available In:
  YouTube – Lecture 5B
  YouTube – Lecture 6A
   
  Instructions: These lectures cover subunits 9.1–9.2.3.5.  First, please click on the webpage linked here entitled “Lecture 5B,” then click on the icon for lecture 5B and watch the entirety of the video.  Second, please click on the webpage linked here entitled “Lecture 6A,” then click on the icon for lecture 6A and watch the video up until 35 minutes and 35 seconds, as this portion of the lecture is relevant to the topic.  In total, these assigned lectures will take you 105 minutes or 1 hour and 45 minutes to watch (70 and 35 minutes, respectively).   
             
  Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above

  The Saylor Foundation does not yet have materials for this portion of the course. If you are interested in contributing your content to fill this gap or aware of a resource that could be used here, please submit it here.

  Submit Materials

• Reading: Indian Journal of Psychiatry: Dr. Savita Malhotra, Dr. Gagandeep Singh, and Dr. Ashwin Mohan’s (2005) “Somatoform and Dissociative Disorders in Children and Adolescents: A Comparative Study”

  Link: Indian Journal of Psychiatry: Dr. Savita Malhotra, Dr. Gagandeep Singh, and Dr. Ashwin Mohan’s (2005) "Somatoform and Dissociative Disorders in Children and Adolescents: A Comparative Study" (HTML)
   
  Instructions: This reading covers subunits 9.1–9.2.3.5.  Please click on the link above and read the entirety of this article.  For the purposes of this course, you can skip the results section. 
   
  Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above

  See a broken link? Please let us know!

9.1 Common Characteristics of Dissociative Disorders  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 9.

9.2 Types of Dissociative Disorders - Depersonalization Disorder  

9.2.1 Dissociative Amnesia Disorder  

9.2.1.1 Continuous  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 9.

9.2.1.2 Localized  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 9.

9.2.1.3 Selective  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 9.

9.2.1.4 Generalized  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 9.

9.2.2 Dissociative Fugue Disorder  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 9.

9.2.3 Dissociative Identity Disorder  

9.2.3.1 Increase in Prevalence  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 9.

9.2.3.2 Gender Differences in Manifestation of Disorder  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 9.

9.2.3.3 Correlates of Disorder  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 9.

9.2.3.4 Reen’s Interpersonal Theory of Dissociative Identity Disorder  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 9.

9.2.3.5 Cultural Manifestations of Dissociative States  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 9.

Unit 10: Personality Disorders  

The disorders we have learned about thus far are treatable through both psychotropic medication and psychosocial interventions.  These disorders have a later onset and often involve precipitants or triggers which can bring on episodes or periods in which the symptoms associated with the disorder are stronger and carry greater impact.  They are characterized as “Axis I Disorders” or major mental disorders known as clinical disorders.  In this unit, we will switch gears and discuss a different set of psychological disorders—that of personality disorders—which fall into the “Axis II Disorders” category in the DSM-IV.  Although there is some controversy surrounding the distinctions between these disorders and the existence of these disorders, most clinicians agree that there are groups of people who come to treatment with similar profiles or traits.  Whether or not these clients present with odd or eccentric behavior; dramatic, emotional, or erratic behavior; or anxious or fearful behavior, they all seem to share a difficulty with creating and maintaining healthy interpersonal relationships.  In this unit, we will first learn how to define personality and what is “normal” versus “abnormal” in the realm of traits.  Next, we will learn about the problematic and controversial aspects of diagnosing individuals with personality disorders.  We will also learn about the different ways of being and behaving that characterize a variety of personality disorders.  Finally, we will turn our attention to the research on personality disorders and the treatment recommendations and prognosis of such disorders.  

Unit 10 Time Advisory   show close


Unit 10 Learning Outcomes   show close


• Lecture: FreeVideoLectures’s version of University of Houston: Dr. Lynn Rehm’s Lecture Series, Abnormal Psychology: "Lecture 9B," and LernersTV’s version of University of Houston: Dr. Lynn Rehm’s Lecture Series, Abnormal Psychology: "Lecture 10A"

  Links: FreeVideoLectures’s version of University of Houston: Dr. Lynn Rehm’s Lecture Series, Abnormal Psychology: "Lecture 9B," (YouTube Video) and LernersTV’s version of University of Houston: Dr. Lynn Rehm’s Lecture Series, Abnormal Psychology:"Lecture 10A" (Flash Video)
   
  Also Available In:
  YouTube
   
  Note on the Lectures:  Professor Lynn Rehm addresses the controversy surrounding the classification and, to some extent, implies that there are legitimate questions regarding the actual existence of personality disorders.  It is important to note that accumulated empirical research supports the existence of these disorders; however, there may be remaining issues concerning classification.  Although it is beyond the scope of this course to address these issues in detail, note that these issues exist within many different groups of disorders and are a source of dialogue and research.
   
  Instructions: These lectures cover subunits 10.1.1–10.8.2.  First, please click on the webpage linked here entitled “Lecture 9B,” then click on the icon for lecture 9B and start the video at 38 minutes and 40 seconds.  Please watch the lecture from this time until the end of the video.  Second, please click on the webpage linked here entitled “Lecture 10A,” then click on the icon for lecture 10A and watch the entirety of this video.  In total, these assigned lectures will take you 114 minutes or 1 hour and 54 minutes to watch (38 and 76 minutes, respectively). Note that this lecture does not distinguish between current and deleted listings in the DSM-IV; however, your content outline makes this specification.
             
  Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above

  The Saylor Foundation does not yet have materials for this portion of the course. If you are interested in contributing your content to fill this gap or aware of a resource that could be used here, please submit it here.

  Submit Materials

• Reading: University of Tasmania: Professor Saxby Pridmore’s Download of Psychiatry: “Chapter 10: Personality and Personality Disorders”

  Link: University of Tasmania: Professor Saxby Pridmore’s Download of Psychiatry: "Chapter 10: Personality and Personality Disorders" (PDF)
   
  Instructions: This reading will cover subunits 10.1.1–10.8.2.  Please click on the link above, download the chapter entitled “Chapter10: Personality and Personality Disorders,” and read the entirety of this chapter.
   
  Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.

  See a broken link? Please let us know!

10.1 Personality Defined  

10.1.1 Normal versus Abnormal  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 10.

10.1.2 Dimensional Model and Assessment Method  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 10.

10.1.3 Categorical Model and Assessment Method  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 10.

10.2 Introduction to Personality Disorders  

• Reading: Directory of Open Access Journals’ version of Dr. Annemiek Van Dijke’s (2011) “Childhood Traumatization by Primary Caretaker and Affect Dysregulation in Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder and Somatoform Disorder”

  Link: Directory of Open Access Journals’ version of Dr. Annemiek Van Dijke et al.’s (2011) “Childhood Traumatization by Primary Caretaker and Affect Dysregulation in Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder and Somatoform Disorder” (PDF)
   
  Instructions: Please click on the link above, download the full text, and read the entirety of this article, which addresses two disorders you have learned about in this course. 
   
  Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above

  See a broken link? Please let us know!

10.2.1 Common Characteristics  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 10 and the reading assigned beneath unit 10.2.

10.2.2 Controversial and Problematic Areas of Diagnosis  

10.2.2.1 Continuity of Axis I  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 10.

10.2.2.2 Predispositions  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 10.

10.2.2.3 Type Conceptualization  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 10.

10.2.2.4 Lack of Empirical Basis  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 10.

10.2.2.5 Therapy Complications  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 10.

10.3 Cluster A: Odd or Eccentric Disorders (aka Schizophrenia Spectrum)  

10.3.1 Schizoid  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 10.

10.3.2 Schizotypal  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 10.

10.3.3 Paranoid  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 10.

10.3.4 Chapman’s Risk Factors  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 10.

10.3.5 Goals of Treatment  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 10.

10.4 Cluster B: Dramatic, Emotional, or Erratic Disorders  

10.4.1 Antisocial  

10.4.1.1 Evolution of Terminology  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 10.

10.4.1.2 Successful Psychopaths  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 10.

10.4.1.3 DSM-IV Approach to Classification: Focus on Consequences  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 10.

10.4.1.4 Historical Approach to Classification: Focus on Personality  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 10.

10.4.2 Borderline  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 10.

10.4.3 Histrionic  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 10.

10.4.4 Narcissistic  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 10.

10.5 Cluster C: Anxious or Fearful Disorders  

10.5.1 Avoidant  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 10.

10.5.2 Dependent  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 10.

10.5.3 Obsessive-Compulsive  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 10.

10.6 Appendix B in the DSM-IV: Criteria Sets and Axes Provided for Further Study  

10.6.1 Appendix B Defined  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 10.

10.6.2 Current Listings in the DSM-IV  

10.6.2.1 Passive-Aggressive Personality Disorder  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 10.

10.6.2.2 Depressive Personality Disorder  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 10.

10.6.3 Deleted Listings in the DSM-IV  

10.6.3.1 Sadistic Personality Disorder  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 10.

10.6.3.2 Self-Defeating Personality Disorder  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 10.

10.6.4 Condition for Further Study: Premenstrual Dysphonic Disorder  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 10.

10.7 Research on Personality Disorders  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 10.

10.8 Treatment of Personality Disorders  

• Web Media: National Institute of Mental Health: Dr. Marsha Linehan’s Presentation on “Borderline Personality Disorder”

  Link: National Institute of Mental Health: Dr. Marsha Linehan’s Presentation on "Borderline Personality Disorder" (Adobe Flash or YouTube)
   
  Instructions: This web media will cover subunits 10.8.1 and 10.8.2.  Please click on the link above and watch the entirety of this presentation, which features Dr. Marsha Linehan, the leading creator and founder of Dialectical Behavioral Therapy for Borderline Personality Disorders.  Please note that there is also a transcript provided underneath the video. 
   
  Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above.

  See a broken link? Please let us know!

• Reading: Redalyc’s version of Dr. William O’Donahue and Dr. Michael A. Cuccisre’s (2007) “Identifying and Treating Psychological Factors in Medical Settings: The Example of Borderline Personality Disorder.”

  Link: Redalyc’s version of Dr. William O’Donahue and Dr. Michael A. Cuccisre’s (2007) “Identifying and Treating Psychological Factors in Medical Settings: The Example of Borderline Personality Disorder” (PDF)
   
  Instructions: This reading will cover subunits 10.8.1 and 10.8.2.  Please click on the link above and read the entirety of this article, which addresses systemic issues surrounding health care treatment for patients with borderline personality issues. 
   
  Terms of Use: Please respect the copyright and terms of use displayed on the webpage above

  See a broken link? Please let us know!

10.8.1 Recommendations for Treatment of Personality Disorders  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 10 and the reading assigned beneath subunit 10.8

10.8.2 Prognosis of Treatment for Personality Disorders  

Note: This subunit is covered by the lectures and reading assigned beneath unit 10 and the reading assigned beneath subunit 10.8

Final Exam  

• Final Exam: The Saylor Foundation's PSYCH401 Final Exam

  Link: The Saylor Foundation's PSYCH401 Final Exam
  
  Instructions: You must be logged into your Saylor Foundation School account in order to access this exam.  If you do not yet have an account, you will be able to create one, free of charge, after clicking the link. 

  See a broken link? Please let us know!